Browsing by Subject "Gleason score"

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    Anogenital distance, a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure Is associated with prostate cancer severity
    (Wiley, 2016-11-16) Maldonado-Cárceles, Ana B.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Carlos; Vera-Porras, Eva M.; Oñate-Celdrán, Julián; Samper Mateo, Paula; García Escudero, Damián; Torres-Roca, Marcos; Martínez Díaz, Francisco; Mendiola, Jaime; Torres Cantero, Alberto Manuel; Arense Gonzalo, Julián Jesús; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    BACKGROUND. Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the centre of the anus to the genitals, is a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mammals. Experimental studies have shown that AGD is a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinisation period of development. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD), as an indirect marker of prenatal hormonal environment, and prostate cancer (PCa) severity. MATERIALS. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total of 120 PCa patients with confirmed biopsy of the tumour from April 2007 to July 2015. Two variants of the anogenital distance were assessed, from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP). We compared differences in groups to evaluate the association between AGD measurements and severity of the preoperative biopsy and clinical scores. RESULTS. Longer AGDAS was significantly associated with the highest Gleason score (P = 0.015) and D'Amico nomogram (P = 0.048). In contrast, no statistical differences were found in the AGDAP and severity of the preoperative biopsy. CONCLUSIONS. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher prenatal androgen exposure is associated with higher severity of PCa. Prostate.
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    MicroRNA in prostate cancer: Practical aspects
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Patil, Pallavi A.; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina
    In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and prediction of treatment response and have earned a promising role in prostate cancer (PCa) management. A plethora of studies have been conducted on miRNA expression in PCa compared to non-neoplastic prostatic tissue, in PCa of different histologic grades and pathologic stages, in castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), in metastatic disease and in response to therapy, with evidence pointing towards distinctive miRNAs differentially expressed in each of these phases. In addition to tissue, MiRNA can be detected in blood, serum, and urine. The aim of this review is to survey studies conducted on human prostate tissue and biofluids and to consolidate trustworthy data on the role of miRNA in the occurrence and progression of PCa, with a delineation of differentially expressed miRNAs and an analysis of their association with PCa prognosis, progression to CRPC and metastatic disease, as well as their correlation with response to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Changes in circulating miRNAs may represent potentially useful non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, staging and prediction of outcome.