Browsing by Subject "Energy"

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15
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    Accurate ring strain energies of unsaturated three-membered heterocycles with one group 13–16 element
    (American Chemical Society, 2022-05-02) Rey Planells, Alicia; Espinosa Ferao, Arturo; Química Orgánica
    High-quality ring strain energy (RSE) data for 1H-unsaturated (CH)2X parent rings, where X is a group 13–16 element, are reported in addition to the 2H-isomers of the pnictogenirene rings. RSE data are obtained from appropriate homosdesmotic reactions and calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP//B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP(ecp) level. 1H-Tallirene and 1H-plumbirene have unique donor–acceptor structures between an acetylene π(CC) orbital and an empty p orbital of a metallylene subunit (a Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson description) and therefore cannot be described as proper rings but as pseudocyclic structures. Also, 1H-indirene and 1H-oxirene lack ring critical points and constitute borderline cases of pseudorings. 1H-Unsaturated rings exhibit enhanced RSE compared to their saturated homologues. The mechanism of ring strain relaxation by increasing the s character in the lone pair (LP) of group 15–16 elements is remarkable and increases on descending the groups. Furthermore, RSE is affected by the aromatic character of group 13 rings and certain aromatic or antiaromatic character in group 14 or 15–16 rings, respectively, which tend to vanish on descending the group as shown by NICS(1) values. 2H-Unsaturated rings were found only for group 15 elements (although only 2H-azirine shows a proper cyclic structure) and displayed lower RSE (higher stability) than the corresponding 1H-isomers.
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    Accurate ring strain energy calculations on saturated three-membered heterocycles with one group 13–16 element
    (American Chemical Society, 2020-08-17) Rey Planells, Alicia; Espinosa Ferao, Arturo; Química Orgánica
    Accurate ring strain energy (RSE) data for parent (CH2)2X rings are reported, where X are group 13–16 elements (El) in their lowest oxidation state, from the second to the sixth row, with their covalence completed by bonds to H. They are obtained from appropriate homodesmotic and hyper-homodesmotic reactions at different levels up to the CCSD(T) level, thus providing a benchmark of high-quality reference RSE values, as well as acceptably accurate faster lower-level options. Derivatives of indium, thallium, and lead cannot be properly described by a three-member ring connectivity, because they display a unique donor–acceptor structure from an ethylene π(C═C) orbital to an empty p orbital of a metallylene subunit. The RSE of groups 13 and 14 heterocycles increases on descending in the group (except for Ga and Ge), while it decreases for groups 15 and 16. The latter is presumably due to a strain-releasing mechanism favored by the increase of p-character at the sp3-type atomic orbital used by El in the endocyclic El–C bonds, %p(El)El-C, originated by the tendency of the El lone pairs in groups 15–16 to increase their s-character. This strain-releasing mechanism does not exist in heavier tetrels, which keep almost unchanged the p-character in the endocyclic bonds at El, whereas for triels the p-character is still lower owing to their sp2-like hybridization. Remarkable linear correlations were found between the RSE and either the above-mentioned %p(El)El-C, the distal C–C bond distance or the relaxed force constants for the endocyclic bond angles.
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    Commissioning of the Controlled and Automatized Testing Facility for Human Behavior and Control (CASITA)
    (MDPI, 2018-08-27) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Ignacio; González Vidal, Aurora; Ramallo González, Alfonso Pablo; Zamora Izquierdo, Miguel Ángel; Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Informática
    Human behavior is one of the most challenging aspects in the understanding of building physics. The need to evaluate it requires controlled environments and facilities in which researchers can test their methods. In this paper, we present the commissioning of the Controlled and Automatized Testing Facility for Human Behavior (CASITA). This is a controlled space emulation of an office or flat, with more than 20 environmental sensors, 5 electrical meters, and 10 actuators. Our contribution shown in this paper is the development of an infrastructure-Artificial Intelligence (AI) model pair that is perfectly integrated for the study of a variety of human energy use aspects. This facility will help to perform studies about human behavior in a controlled space. To verify this, we have tested this emulation for 60 days, in which equipment was turned on and off, the settings of the conditioning system were modified remotely, and lighting operation was similar to that in real behaviors. This period of commissioning generated 74.4 GB of raw data including high-frequency measurements. This work has shown that CASITA performs beyond expectations and that sensors and actuators could enable research on a variety of disciplines related to building physics and human behavior. Also, we have tested the PROPHET software, which was previously used in other disciplines and found that it could be an excellent complement to CASITA for experiments that require the prediction of several pertinent variables in a given study. Our contribution has also been to proof that this package is an ideal “soft” addition to the infrastructure. A case study forecasting energy consumption has been performed, concluding that the facility and the software PROPHET have a great potential for research and an outstanding accuracy.
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    Empirical study of massive set-point behavioral data: towards a cloud-based artificial intelligence that democratizes thermostats
    (IEEE Computer Society, 2018-07-30) Ramallo González, Alfonso Pablo; González Vidal, Aurora; Skarmeta Gómez, Antonio; Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Facultad de Informática
    The research showed in this document consisted on monitoring 546 air conditioners of individual offices located in two large buildings for the later evaluation of the behaviors of users with respect to their controllers. Data was collected over 14 months and provided important insights about the phenomenon. It was seen that users can be separated in two groups, one that likes to interact with the controllers often and change the temperature at least once a week and another that interact less. It was seen that the variability of users with respect to the thermostat values they prefer is high, and that this should be taken into account when creating a “one fits all” solution. Also, it appears that adaptive thermal comfort theories that suggest users want lower temperatures in cold months are not reflected on the set-points chosen. In addition, we have seen that people interacting more with the controllers tend to waste less energy, this would be interesting if an app to interact with the user for this purpose is design. More communication with the user may imply less energy wasted.
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    Fix the code. Don’t tweak the hardware: A newcompiler approach to Voltage-Frequency scaling
    (IEEE/ACM, ) Jimborean, Alexandra; Koukos, Konstantinos; Spiliopoulos, Vasileios; Black-Schaffer, David; Kasiras, Stefanos; Ingeniería y Tecnología de Computadores
    Traditional compiler approaches to optimize power effi-ciency aim to adjust voltage and frequency at runtime tomatch the code characteristics to the hardware (e.g., run-ning memory-bound phases at a lower frequency). However,such approaches are constrained by three factors: (i) voltage-frequency transitions are too slow to be applied at instructiongranularity, (ii) larger code regions are seldom unequivocallymemory- or compute-bound, and, (iii) the available voltagescaling range for future technologies is rapidly shrinking.These factors necessitate new approaches to address power-efficiency at the code-generation level. This paper proposesone such approach to automatically generate power-efficientcode using a decoupled access/execute (DAE) model.In DAE a program is split into tasks, where each task con-sists of two sufficiently coarse-grained phases to enable ef-fective Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS): (i) theaccess-phase for data prefetch (heavily memory-bound), and(ii) theexecute-phase that performs the actual computation(heavily compute-bound). Our contribution is to provide acompiler methodology to automatically generate the access-phases for a task-based programming system. Our approachis capable of handling both affine (through a polyhedral anal-ysis) and non-affine codes (through optimized task skele-tons). Our evaluation shows that the automatically gener-ated versions improve EDP by 25% on average comparedto a coupled execution, without any performance degrada-tion, and surpasses the EDP savings of the correspondinghand-crafted tasks by 5%
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    Un marco didáctico alternativo para la enseñanza de la energía: la energía y los recursos energéticos
    (Universidad de Zaragoza, Asociación Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado (AUFOP), 1992) Hernández Abenza, Luis María
    En este trabajo se propone un marco didáctico alternativo al planteamiento tradicional de la enseñanza de la Energía para tratar de dar respuesta a la problemática didáctica que encierra el aprendizaje del modelo energético. Se describen los elementos que fundamentan esta propuesta curricular alternativa y a continuación se comentan las características más significativas de la misma.
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    Mediated alkaline flow batteries: from fundamentals to application
    (2019-10-21) Paez, Teresa; Martinez-Cuezva, Alberto; Palma, Jesus; Ventosa, Edgar; Química Orgánica
    Alkaline flow batteries are attracting increasing attention for stationary energy storage. Very promising candidates have been proposed as active species for the negative compartment, while potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6) has been the only choice for the positive one. The energy density of this family of batteries is limited by the low solubility of K4Fe(CN)6 in alkaline media. Herein, we propose a general strategy to increase the energy density of this family of alkaline flow batteries by storing energy in commercial Ni(OH)2 electrodes confined in the positive reservoir. In this way, K4Fe(CN)6 dissolved in the electrolyte acts not only as electroactive species but also as charge carrier between current collector and solid Ni(OH)2 particles located in an external reservoir. A storage capacities of 29 Ah L–1 for the positive compartment is demonstrated. The concept is implemented in three systems, Zn–K4Fe(CN)6, anthraquinone–K4Fe(CN)6, and phenazine–K4Fe(CN)6 alkaline flow battery, showing the versatility of the strategy. Challenges and future directions to exceed the 16 Wh Ltotal–1 demonstrated in this work are discussed.
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    Pensamiento Computacional para la resolución de problemas complejos: ODS 7 Energía asequible y no contaminante
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-07-30) George Reyes, Carlos Enrique; Oliva Córdova, Luis Magdiel; Avello Martínez, Raidell; López Caudana, Edgar Omar; Sin departamento asociado
    En este estudio se investiga la autovaloración de las habilidades de pensamiento computacional, así como los conocimientos adquiridos por estudiantes universitarios de México y Guatemala después de haber participado en una experiencia formativa relacionada con el ODS 7 Energía asequible y no contaminante en el entorno de una plataforma web de aprendizaje. Se diseñó un estudio pretest-postest donde participaron 243 estudiantes universitarios, 152 del Tecnológico de Monterrey, México (Tec) y 91 de la Universidad San Carlos, Guatemala (USAC). Se realizaron dos tipos de análisis, el primero para medir sus habilidades de abstracción, descomposición, identificación de patrones y diseño de algoritmos. El segundo para evaluar su comprensión de conceptos energéticos para proponer soluciones sostenibles desde el enfoque del pensamiento computacional. Los resultados sugieren que la integración del pensamiento computacional y el uso de plataformas educativas en línea tiene un impacto positivo en la autovaloración de los estudiantes, también se observó una mejora en sus habilidades analíticas para proponer soluciones para problemas relacionados con el ODS 7. Estos hallazgos respaldan la efectividad de la integración del pensamiento computacional como una estrategia para resolver problemas complejos.
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    Proyecto EUDEMON : prevención y resolución de conflictos ecosociales en el ámbito del despliegue de las renovables en el territorio.
    (Ateneo de Estudios Políticos (ACEP), 2023) Muñiz San Martín, Sigrid
    El actual momento de crisis civilizatoria nos plantea retos eco-sociales de gran calado. La necesidad de cambio en el modelo energético actual es uno de los principales, que activa una transición en la cual, a pesar de que ya se ha iniciado, todavía estamos construyendo las respuestas. Es en este contexto de construcción del nuevo modelo cuando es oportuno preguntarse cómo queremos que se dé este proceso. Incidir en la necesidad de partir de planteamientos más inclusivos y con voluntad democratizadora conducen a detectar que uno de los grandes retos de esta transición energética es cómo construir las respuestas de forma colectiva. El proyecto Eudemon nace con el propósito de explorar cómo sería abordar la transición energética des de una visión holística, inclusiva y de construcción progresiva y participada de las soluciones. En el desarrollo de este objetivo, ha sido necesario incorporar los retos que plantean los escenarios de conflictividad social derivados de la implantación de energías renovables a lo largo del territorio. Y procurar unas condiciones sociales, procedimentales y de gobernabilidad que permitan la existencia de procesos de diálogo y co-creación colectivos. En este artículo se expone la metodología empleada, algunos de los resultados y aprendizajes obtenidos, y los desafíos y dudas que aún quedan por resolver.
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    Ring strain energies of three-membered homoatomic inorganic rings El3 and diheterotetreliranes El2Tt (Tt = C, Si, Ge): accurate versus additive approaches
    (American Chemical Society, 2022-09-05) Rey Planells, Alicia; Espinosa Ferao, Arturo; Química Orgánica
    Accurate ring strain energies (RSEs) for three-membered symmetric inorganic rings El3 and organic dihetero-monocycles El2C and their silicon El2Si and germanium El2Ge analogues have been computed for group 14–16 “El” heteroatoms using appropriate homodesmotic reactions and calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD-(T)/def2-TZVPP//B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP(ecp) level. Rings containing triels and Sn/Pb heteroatoms are studied as exceptions to the RSE calculation as they either do not constitute genuine rings or cannot use the general homodesmotic reaction scheme due to uncompensated interactions. Some remarkable concepts already related to the RSE such as aromaticity or strain relaxation by increasing the s-character in the lone pair (LP) of the group 15–16 elements are analyzed extensively. An appealing alternative procedure for the rapid estimation of RSEs using additive rules, based on contributions of ring atoms or endocyclic bonds, is disclosed.
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    Semiótica de la carnalidad sentipensante en la cultura nahua
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2020) Reygadas Robles, Pedro
    El presente artículo trata de la semiótica de la cultura de la carnalidad viviente sentipensante entre los nahuas antiguos, de su concepción y praxis de la composición de la carnalidad, la energía y la in-formación humanas. Considero para estas notas los amoxtin antiguos, coloniales y la aportación de la etnografía contemporánea. Abordo el tema desde la semiótica de la cultura de la escuela de TartuMoscú y la motivación ideológica del signo lingüístico en Voloshinov-Bajtin.
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    Sostenibilidad y zenit de producción petrolífera en un curso de profesores y profesoras
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2007) Ballenilla, Fernando
    El presente artículo trata de cómo se abordó la problemática de la sostenibilidad, asociada al zenit de producción petrolífera (Peak Oil), con un grupo de profesores/as, durante el desarrollo de la asignatura de Intervención Curricular en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias, que se imparte en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Alicante. Esta asignatura forma parte de la licenciatura de Psicopedagogía, estudios a los que se accede desde la titulación de maestro, que también se cursan en la misma facultad.
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    Sustainable recovery from pig slurry using ionic liquid microbial fuel cells and microalgae consortia
    (Springer, 2026-01-10) Iniesta López, Eduardo; Micol Blaya, Alfredo José; Hernández Fernández, Adrián; Sánchez Zurano, Ana; Garrido, Yolanda; Pérez de Los Ríos, Antonia; Hernández Fernández, Francisco José; Ingeniería Química; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Química
    Pig slurry management has emerged as a pressing environmental challenge in the context of rapid population growth and intensified livestock production, highlighting the need for sustainable recovery technologies. While microalgae–bacteria (MB) systems offer promising opportunities for nutrient recycling, the high turbidity of raw pig slurry (PS) typically limits their direct application. This study proposes an innovative two-step treatment that combines microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with MB consortia to enhance both pollutant removal and resource recovery from raw PS with COD levels exceeding 18,000 mg·L⁻1. Unlike conventional designs relying on perfluorinated membranes, the MFCs employed an ionic liquid [N8-10,8–10,8–10,1+][Cl−] as a proton exchange medium, achieving 50% of COD removal and generating 57.27 ± 10.99 mW·m⁻2. The effluent was subsequently treated with MB consortia, yielding biomass productivities of 0.1 to 0.2 g·L⁻1·day⁻1, comparable to chemical fertilizer-based controls. Cell density with pre-treated and untreated pig slurry also matched control levels. In pollutant recovery, the combined microbial fuel cell and microalgae-bacteria treatment achieved up to 67% recovery of COD, over 99% of N-NH4+, and between 65 and 85% of P-PO43−. These findings highlight the potential of integrating MFCs with MB consortia as a strategy for raw pig slurry management, t-ransforming waste into renewable energy and bioresources
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    Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Cyclometallated Pt(II) 1,2-Benzenedithiolate Complexes and Heterometallic Derivatives Obtained from the Addition of [Au(PCy3)]+ Units
    (American Chemical Society, 2012-04-13) Juliá Hernández, Fabio; Jones, Peter G.; González Herrero, Pablo; Química Inorgánica
    The cyclometalated compounds [Pt(C^N)(HC^N)Cl] [HC^N = 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy; 1a), 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)isoquinoline (Htbpiq; 1b)] react with 1,2-benzenedithiol, t-BuOK, and Bu4NCl in a 1:1:2:1 molar ratio in CH2Cl2/MeOH to give the complexes Bu4N[Pt(C^N)(bdt)] [bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate; C^N = ppy (Bu4N2a), tbpiq (Bu4N2b)]. In the absence of Bu4NCl, the same reactions afford solutions of K2a and K2b, which react with [AuCl(PCy3)] to give the neutral heterometallic derivatives [Pt(C^N)(bdt){Au(PCy3)}] [C^N = ppy (3a), tbpiq (3b)]. The cationic derivatives [Pt(C^N)(bdt){Au(PCy3)}2]ClO4 [C^N = ppy (4a), tbpiq (4b)] are obtained by reacting 3a and 3b with acetone solutions of [Au(OClO3)(PCy3)]. The crystal structures of 3b and 4b reveal the formation of short Pt···Au metallophilic contacts in the range 2.929–3.149 Å. Complexes 3b, 4a, and 4b undergo dynamic processes in solution that involve the migration of the [Au(PCy3)]+ units between the S atoms of the dithiolate. Complexes Bu4N2a and 2b display a moderately solvatochromic band in their electronic absorption spectra that can be ascribed to a transition of mixed ML′CT/LL′CT character (M= metal; L = bdt; L′ = C^N; CT = charge transfer), while their emissions are assignable to transitions of the same orbital parentage but from triplet excited states. The successive addition of [Au(PCy3)]+ units to the anions 2a and 2b results in an increase in the absorption and emission energies attributable to lower highest occupied molecular orbital energies. Additionally, the characteristics of the absorption and emission spectra of the heterometallic derivatives indicate a gradual loss of LL′CT character in the involved electronic transitions, with a concomitant increase of the L′C and ML′CT contributions.
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    Vínculos binacionales en los territorios norpatagónicos de las energías: rupturas y sinergias.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones., 2025) Nogar, Graciela; Sierra, Maria Sol; Sin departamento asociado
    Este artículo analiza los territorios energéticos norpatagónicos en Argentina y Chile, explorando sus configuraciones y rupturas en un contexto de expansión extractivista y reconfiguración geopolítica. Los territorios se conciben como construcciones socioespaciales influenciadas por redes de poder, tanto locales como transnacionales. El estudio se orienta a comprender cómo los marcos regulatorios y actores deslocalizados condicionan las políticas energéticas binacionales y los desafíos que enfrentan. Desde una metodología cualitativa y exploratoria, se combinan fuentes secundarias como documentos oficiales, legislación y artículos de prensa, con entrevistas a informantes clave —funcionarios, técnicos y académicos— de Neuquén, Río Negro y las regiones chilenas de Biobío, La Araucanía y Los Lagos. Se incorporan herramientas de cartografía temática, y coremas para representar vínculos y tensiones espaciales.Los resultados muestran tres contextos diferenciados. Argentina promueve la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales, con fines exportadores; Chile avanza en la transición energética hacia fuentes renovables para abastecer su demanda interna. A pesar de sus trayectorias divergentes, ambos países sostienen vínculos energéticos que permiten pensar en una cooperación binacional.