DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Diet"

Browsing by Subject "Diet"

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Open Access
Analysis of healthy lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and healthy behavior) in the employees of Dar Al Uloom University
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Mohammed, Redhwan Ali Esmail
The study aimed to assess the reality of healthy lifestyle among the employees of Dar Al Uloom University, to determine the level of obesity among the employees and also to determine the differences in the reality of healthy lifestyle among the students of Dar Al Uloom University according to the study variables (adjective, gender, and age). The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach that fits with the nature of this study. The study sample amounted to 184 of individuals (125 male and female students), (42 faculty members), (17 employees). The researcher used a measure of a healthy lifestyle includes three axes (healthy food, physical activity, and healthy behavior), in addition to defining a body mass indicator to determine degrees of obesity. The results showed that the employees of Dar Al Uloom University are practicing a moderately healthy lifestyle, and that the percentage of obesity was 22.58%, regarding overweight was 37.10%, and healthy weight with a percentage of 40.32%. The results also showed that faculty and staff members have more commitment to a healthy lifestyle by students in the axes of food and healthy behavior, and that males and females, and different other age groups share the same view points and prospective about the reality of a healthy lifestyle. The study recommended spreading awareness of the importance of practicing physical activities for university employees as a way of life, and the necessity of interest in spreading nutritional and health awareness among the university employees by holding different sports and awareness events.
Open Access
Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Nutrition in Polish and Spanish Male Students of Sports Sciences: Differences and Correlations
(MDPI, 2019-03-30) López Sánchez, Guillermo Felipe; Radziminski, Łukasz; Skalska, Maria; Jastrz˛ebska, Joanna; Smith, Lee; Wakuluk, Dorota; Jastrz˛ebski, Zbigniew; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
It is important to study differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between university students from different countries to develop country- specific recommendations on health promotion to provide to students when transitioning to university. The present study aimed to analyse differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between Polish and Spanish students of Sports Sciences. One-hundred-and-eighty-six male students participated (81 from Poland and 105 from Spain). Polish males were on average 21.5 ± 1.9 yrs old and Spanish males 21.5 ± 2.5. The body composition variables measured were body weight (kg), fat-free mass (FFM, kg and %), fat mass (FM, kg and %), total body water (TBW, kg and %), basal metabolic rate (BMR, kcal), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2) and fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2). The physical fitness variables measured were squat jump (SJ, height in cm, power in watts and w/kg), countermovement jump (CMJ, height in cm, power in watts and w/kg), running speed (10, 20 and 30 m (time in s)), and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER, stage, final speed in km/h, distance in m, VO2max in mL/kg/min). Lifestyle variables measured were vigorous physical activity (VPA, days/week, min/week), moderate physical activity (MPA, days/week, min/week), walking (days/week, min/week), sitting (min/week), meals/day, vegetables/day, fruits/day, seafood/week, dairy products/week, sweets, chips, fast food/week, litres of liquid/day, litres of sugary drinks/day, alcohol/week and cigarettes/day. In comparison to Spanish students, Polish students had greater FFM (kg), greater TBW (kg), higher BMR, greater power in SJ, greater height and power in CMJ, lower times in running speed tests (10 and 20 m) and greater consumption of vegetables and liquids. In comparison to Polish students, Spanish students participated in more physical activity, and consumed more seafood, more dairy products, less sugary drinks, less alcohol and less tobacco. VPA and consumption of vegetables and liquids had positive influences on body composition and physical fitness. According to these results, universities should promote a healthy lifestyle in order to improve body composition and physical fitness in male students studying sport science. In the cases of Spain and Poland, special attention should be paid to the weak points detected in this study. This would be useful for avoiding future risk of diseases such as obesity or diabetes.
Open Access
Dietary fatty acids affect mitochondrial phospholipid compositions and mitochondrial gene expression of rainbow trout liver at different ages
(Springer, 2014-11-15) Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; De Santis, C; Rubio-Mejia, O L; Tocher, D R; Fisiología
Mitochondria are among the first responders to various stressors that challenge the homeostasis of cells and organisms. Mitochondrial decay is generally associated with impairment in the organelle bioenergetics function and increased oxidative stress, and it appears that deterioration of mitochondrial inner membrane phospholipids (PL), particularly cardiolipin (CL), and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are among the main mechanisms involved in this process. In the present study, liver mitochondrial membrane PL compositions, lipid peroxidation, and mtDNA gene expression were analyzed in rainbow trout fed three diets with the same base formulation but with lipid supplied either by fish oil (FO), rapeseed oil (RO), or high DHA oil (DHA) during 6 weeks. Specifically, two feeding trials were performed using fish from the same population of two ages (1 and 3 years), and PL class compositions of liver mitochondria, fatty acid composition of individual PL classes, TBARS content, and mtDNA expression were determined. Dietary fatty acid composition strongly affected mitochondrial membrane composition from trout liver but observed changes did not fully reflect the diet, particularly when it contained high DHA. The changes were PL specific, CL being particularly resistant to changes in DHA. Some significant differences observed in expression of mtDNA with diet may suggest long-term dietary effects in mitochondrial gene expression which could affect electron transport chain function. All the changes were influenced by fish age, which could be related to the different growth rates observed between 1- and 3-year-old trout but that could also indicate age-related changes in the ability to maintain structural homeostasis of mitochondrial membranes.
Open Access
Editorial: Diet and digestive tract cancers: investigating the nutritional influences on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis
(Frontiers Media, 2025-11-06) Huerta Castaño, José María; Colorado Yohar, Sandra Milena; Salmerón Martínez, Diego; Armando Agudelo, Nelson; Ciencias Sociosanitarias; Facultad de Medicina
Open Access
Effects of a probiotic on the morphology and mucin composition of pig intestine
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Desantis, Salvatore; Mastrodonato, Maria; Accogli, Gianluca; Rossi, Giacomo; Crovace, Alberto Maria
Although the use of probiotics in human and animal medicine is growing, their mode of action remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of a multi-strain probiotic (SLAB51™) on the morphology and carbohydrate composition of mucins secreted by goblet cells of intestinal crypts in growingfinishing pigs. Sections of duodenum, caecum and colon from pigs fed for 12 weeks with an orally administered control basal diet (No-Pro) or one with a probiotic blend (Pro) were processed for microscopic analysis and stained with (1) haematoxylin-eosin for structural and morphometrical investigation; (2) conventional histochemistry (periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, high iron diamine staining) for neutral, acidic nonsulphated, and sulphated mucin analysis; and (3) FITClabelled MAA-II and SNA lectins for α2,3- and α2,6- sialomucin identification. Compared with No-Pro samples, Pro samples displayed (1) increased goblet cell numbers in all investigated tract crypts; (2) an increase in acidic non-sulphomucins but a decrease in neutral, sulphated and α2,6-sialomucin-secreting goblet cells in the duodenum; (3) decreased crypt depth, an increase in α2,6-sialomucin secretory goblet cells, and a loss of goblet cell-secreting α2,3-sialomucins, which appeared on the apical surface of crypt fundus epithelial cells in the caecum; and (4) an increase in α2,6-sialomucinproducing goblet cells in the colon. Results suggest that treatment with SLAB51™ induces region-specific changes in the morphology and carbohydrate composition of mucins secreted along intestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs. These changes could ameliorate the health status of the animals, which displayed higher growth performance and meat quality than controls (Tufarelli et al., 2017).
Open Access
Effects of dietary fatty acids on mitochondrial phospholipid compositions, oxidative status and mitochondrial gene expression of zebrafish at different ages
(Springer, 2015-07-09) Betancor, M B; Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Hernandez, A; Tocher, D R; Fisiología
Mitochondrial decay is generally associated with impairment in the organelle ioenergetics function and increased oxidative stress, and it appears that deterioration of mitochondrial inner membrane phospholipids (PL) and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are among the main mechanisms involved in this process. In the present study, mitochondrial membrane PL compositions, oxidative status (TBARS content and SOD activity) and mtDNA gene expression of muscle and liver were analyzed in zebrafish fed two diets with lipid supplied either by rapeseed oil (RO) or a blend 60:40 of RO and DHA500 TG oil (DHA). Two feeding trials were performed using zebrafish from the same population of two ages (8 and 21 months). Dietary FA composition affected fish growth in 8-month-old animals, which could be related to an increase in stress promoted by diet composition. Lipid peroxidation was considerably higher in mitochondria of 8-month-old zebrafish fed the DHA diet than in animals fed the RO diet. This could indicate higher oxidative damage to mitochondrial lipids, very likely due to increased incorporation of DHA in PL of mitochondrial membranes. Lipids would be among the first molecules affected by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation could propagate oxidative reactions that would damage other molecules, including mtDNA. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and gene expression of 21-month-old fish showed lower responsiveness to diet composition than those of younger fish. Differences found in the effect of diet composition on mitochondrial lipids between the two age groups could be indicating age-related changes in the ability to maintain structural homeostasis of mitochondrial membranes.
Open Access
Evolution of Nutritional Habits Behaviour of Spanish Population Confined Through Social Media
(Frontiers Media, 2021-12-16) Mariscal-Arcas, Miguel; Delgado-Mingorance, Sonia; Saenz de Buruaga, Borja; Blas-Diaz, Alba; Antonio Latorre, José; Martínez-Bebia, Manuel; Giménez-Blasi, Nuria; Conde-Pipo, Javier; Cantero, Leticia; López-Moro, Alejandro; Jiménez-Casquet, Maria José; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
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Fat intake pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
(Elsevier, 2022-01) Navarro Lafuente, Fuensanta; Arense Gonzalo, Julián Jesús; Sánchez Ferrer, María Luisa; Prieto Sánchez, María Teresa; Cutillas Tolín, Ana; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; Adoamnei, Evdochia; Torres Cantero, Alberto Manuel; Gazabat-Barbado, Esteban; Vioque López, Jesús; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Research question: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a different fat intake pattern to women without PCOS? Design: Case–control study of 276 women between 20 and 35 years old from the Murcia region of Spain. Cases (n = 121) attended the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the University Clinical Hospital and were diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam criteria. Controls (n = 155) were women without PCOS attending the gynaecological outpatient clinic for routine gynaecological examinations. Data from clinical, gynaecological and analytical examinations were collected, including a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between fat intake and presence of PCOS and its phenotypes were examined using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Although no association was found between fatty acid intake and PCOS, significant associations were observed for some PCOS phenotypes. The PCOS phenotype characterized by hyperandrogenism + oligo/amenorrhoea + polycystic ovarian morphology (‘H+O+POM’) was significantly associated with a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat (odds ratio [OR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–14.2; fourth quartile of highest intake [Q4] versus lowest intake quartile as reference [Q1]) and omega-6 fatty acids (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.01–12.4; Q3 versus Q1). The ‘H+O’ phenotype was positively associated with saturated fat intake (OR 6.9; 95% CI 1.1–41.6; Q4 versus Q1). Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that higher intakes of specific fatty acids are related to some PCOS phenotypes although no association was found for PCOS on a global basis. It is recommended that studies with larger sample size be performed to further explore these associations, thus contributing to establishing recommendations about fat intake adapted to different PCOS phenotypes.
Embargo
High educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related lifestyle: findings from four Spanish national health surveys
(Elsevier, 2021-02-25) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Purpose: Social determinants as occupational social class or educational attainment might influence health outcomes. This phenomenon is known as the social gradient of health and is related to a skewed distribution of health behaviours that might explain differences in morbidity and mortality between social groups. But social class and educational attainment differ in their nature and might have distinct effects on health. Here we study the combined effect of educational attainment and occupational social class on health-related lifestyle. Methods: We retrieved data from four large-scale, national representative Spanish surveys (n = 67,171). A latent class regression analysis was run to identify clusters of health-related lifestyle behaviours. Clusters were made according to sociodemographic factors, including a combined analysis of education and occupational social class. Results: Higher educational attainment and occupational social class were associated with a healthier lifestyle for both sexes. The combined analysis of education and social class indicated that women with secondary education showed a high risk combination of unhealthy behaviours, as men with middle, primary or no education. Conclusions: Regardless of social class, a higher educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related behaviours. Our results suggest that education likely plays a crucial role in population health outcomes through its effects on lifestyle.
Open Access
Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet
(Frontiers Media, 2023-08-22) Suárez Martínez, Clara; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; Yagüe Guirao, Genoveva; Martínez Gracia, Carmen; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3–5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
Open Access
Lifestyle behaviours profile of Spanish adolescents who actively commute to school
(MDPI, 2023-01-03) Martín Moraleda, Evelyn; Pinilla Quintana, Iván; Romero Blanco, Cristina; Hernández Martínez, Antonio; Jiménez Zazo, Fabio; Dorado Suárez, Alberto; Garcia Coll, Virginia; Cabanillas Cruz, Esther; Herrador Colmenero, Manuel; Queralt, Ana; Castro Lemus, Nuria; Aznar, Susana; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Actividad Física y Deporte
The aim of this study was to study different ‘healthy profiles’ through the impact of multiple lifestyle behaviours (sleep patterns, screen time and quality diet) on active commuting to school (ACS) in adolescents. Sixteen secondary schools from four Spanish cities were randomly selected. All participants filled in an “Ad-Hoc” questionnaire to measure their mode of commuting and distance from home to school and their lifestyle behaviours. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyse the main predictor variables of ACS. The final sample was 301 adolescents (50.2% girls; mean age ± SD: 14.9 ± 0.48 years). The percentage of ACS was 64.5%. Multiple logistic regressions showed: boys were more active commuters than girls [OR = 2.28 (CI 95%: 1.12–4.64); p = 0.02]; adolescents who lived farther had lower probability to ACS [OR = 0.74 (CI 95%: 0.69–0.80); p < 0.001]; adolescents who met sleep duration recommendations were more likely to ACS [OR = 3.05 (CI 95%: 1.07–8.69); p = 0.04], while with each hour of sleep, the odds of ACS was reduced [OR = 0.51 (CI 95%: 0.30–0.89); p = 0.02]; higher odds were shown to ACS in adolescents who have more adherence to MD [OR = 1.16(CI 95%: 1.00–1.33); p = 0.05]; and habitual breakfast consumption was inversely associated with ACS [OR = 0.41 (CI: 95%: 0.18–0.96); p = 0.04]. ACS was associated with being a boy, living at a shorter distance to school, a daily sleep time ≥ 8 h and presented a higher adherence to MD
Open Access
Motivation in Physical Education class according to sex, age, level of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025) Gascón Colorado, Jorge; Maneiro Dios, Rubén; Garrote Jurado, Ramón; Moral García, José Enrique
The objective of this study was to analyze students' motivation toward physical education (PE) classes and to examine how this motivation is associated with sex, age, level of physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among schoolchildren. The sample consisted of 564 students between the ages of 10 and 13, of whom 53.2% were boys and 46.8% were girls. To gather data, several instruments were administered, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Physical Education Class Motivation Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (IPAQ-A), and the KIDMED index, which assesses adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The findings revealed a generally high level of satisfaction with PE classes among participants. Furthermore, boys reported higher levels of motivation compared to girls. Students with medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet demonstrated greater intrinsic motivation, suggesting that healthier dietary patterns may be linked to internal drivers for participation in physical activity. Additionally, students who reported being very physically active showed higher levels of extrinsic motivation, indicating that external factors may play a role in encouraging participation in physical activity among this group.
Open Access
Physical-Nutritional program effect in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Mohsin, Aaya Nasir; Al-Selmi, Abeer Dakhil Hatem
This study aimed to prepare a program (physical-nutritional) for women with polycystic ovary, as well as to identify the effect of this program on some body measurements and the incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in the research sample. A total of 12 women (aged 20-25 years) with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) participated in the randomized controlled trial design. They were divided equally into two groups (experimental and control group). The experimental group received the physical-nutritional program accompanying the treatment program, while the control group received only the instructions of the specialist doctor and the treatment program prepared by them. The two researchers applied their nutritional program over a period of two months and a day. As for the physical program, it was applied by 3 units per week, for a period of two months, which included a set of aerobic exercises. The assessments were done using the ultrasound assessment for radiographic examination and other body measurements such as BMI (Body Mass Index). The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The results of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences between pre and post-test results of the experimental and control group for the study variables, in favor of the post-test (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were also found between the post-test score averages of the experimental and the control group, in favor of the experimental group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, diet helps to improve the work of vital organizations by targeting insulin resistance to reduce it, as it is one of the indicators that works to increase polycystic ovaries. About sports activities, they contribute to the regulation of the hormonal system and in this way reduce the incidence of PCOS.
Open Access
Revisión de evidencias sobre la influencia de la dieta en la evolución de la EPOC
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2012) De los Santos Izquierdo, JM.; Peña Molinero, C.; Ortega Barriuso, R.; Manso Melgosa, AB.
La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) ocasiona una importante morbimortalidad, con un gran consumo de recursos sanitarios. La causa principal es el consumo de tabaco. La EPOC es evitable y aunque no es curable, sí es susceptible de mejoría en términos de calidad de vida y aumento de la supervivencia, utilizando los recursos terapéuticos disponibles entre los que se encuentra la rehabilitación y la educación sanitaria. La rehabilitación incluye programas de entrenamiento cuyo fin es mejorar la disnea, el cansancio y la tolerancia al ejercicio. Se compone de programas de entrenamiento físico, educación sanitaria, intervención psicológica, intervención sobre el comportamiento y educación sobre dieta y nutrición. En el presente trabajo se realizó una recopilación bibliográfica de los artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años sobre la educación dietética a los pacientes con EPOC. Se usó la herramienta de lectura crítica CASPE, para seleccionar los de mayor calidad metodológica, con el objetivo de revisar los estudios existentes sobre la influencia de la dieta en los pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC, evaluar las evidencias existentes e incorporarlos a la pauta de actuación ante este tipo de pacientes. La conclusión de esta revisión es que los pacientes con EPOC podrían beneficiarse de una dieta rica en hortalizas, frutas y verduras, soja, fibra y aceite de oliva; mientras que las dietas ricas en azúcares y carnes curadas podrían empeorar su enfermedad. Aunque se recomienda realizar estudios complementarios que corroboren dichas afirmaciones.
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Saliva as a non-invasive tool for assessment of metabolic andinflammatory biomarkers in children
(Elsevier, 2020-08) Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Martínez Lozano, Nuria; Ríos, Rafael; Marcilla de Teruel, María C.; Garaulet, Marta; Cerón, José J.; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
Background&aims:Epidemiological studies in school-age children are challenging, particularly thosethat aim to analyse metabolic markers on blood samples obtainedviainvasive and stressful procedures.The objective of this paper is to evaluate the use of saliva, as a non-invasive tool in epidemiologicalstudies performed in school-age children, to capture metabolic changes associated with body mass index(BMI), dietary characteristics and physical activity in both boys and girls.Methods:This is an observational study in which healthy children of ages between 8 and 12 years(n¼129, 60 girls and 69 boys) from three schools in a Mediterranean area of Spain were included. Apanel of biomarkers was measured in serum and saliva and correlated with BMI, dietary characteristicsand physical activity.Results:Significant positive correlation between serum and salivary levels were detected for CRP(r¼0.770) in all included children, and boys (r¼0.805) and girls (r¼0.775) separately (P<0.001, in allcases) and for insulin in girls (r¼0.442;P<0.05). Among all studied salivary biomarkers, insulin wassignificantly correlated with the three factors studied: positively with BMI and negatively with dietarycharacteristics (intake and composition) and physical activity (P<0.05). Obesity and diet compositionwere both positively associated to pro-inflammatory biomarkers, CRP and IL1b; while diet compositionshared with physical activity levels the correlation with IL6 (positive with energy, fat, carbohydrate andsaturated fatty acid intake, and negative with cholesterol intake and average physical activity in boys),NGF and glucose (in both cases correlations were negative with diet composition and physical activityvariables) (P<0.05, in all cases). Sex differences were detected in serum glucose and TNFa.Conclusions:Biomarkers in saliva are able to capture differences in BMI, dietary characteristics andphysical activity levels in school-age children. Saliva may potentially constitute a useful non-invasive andstress-free tool to evaluate metabolic markers of inflammation and/or metabolism related to BMI andlifestyle in a sex-dependent manner.
Open Access
Skeletal muscle fibre plasticity in response to selected environmental and physiological stimuli
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Matsakas, Antonios; Patel, Ketan
Skeletal muscle constitutes a highly adaptable and malleable tissue that responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size and composition, outcomes that are brought about by changes in gene expression, biochemical and metabolic properties. Both the short- and long-term effects of nutritional alterations on skeletal muscle homeostasis have been defined as the object of intensive research over the last thirty years. This review focuses predominantly on assimilating our understanding of the changes in muscle fibre phenotype and functional properties induced by either food restriction or alternatively existing on a high fat diet. Firstly, food restriction has been shown in a number of studies to decrease the myofibre cross sectional area and consistently, it has been found that glycolytic type IIB fibres are more prone to atrophy than oxidative fibres. Secondly, in rodents, a high fat diet has been shown to induce an oxidative profile in skeletal muscle, although obese humans usually show higher numbers of glycolytic type IIB fibres. Moreover, attention is paid to the effect of prenatal maternal food restriction on muscle development of the offspring in various species. A key point related to these experiments is the timing of food restriction for the mother. Furthermore, we explore extensively the seemingly species-specific response to maternal malnutrition. Finally, key signalling molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, fibre type transitions and muscle hypertrophy are discussed in detail.
Open Access
The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods
(2022) Morales, Eva; Alcantara-Lopez, Maria V.; Cabezas-Herrera, Juan; Hernandez-Caselles, Trinidad; Jimenez-Guerrero, Pedro; Larqué, Elvira; Lopez-Soler, Concepción; Martinez-Gracia, Carmen; Martinez-Torres, Antonela; Mendiola, Jaime; Nieto-Díaz, Aníbal; Perez-Fernandez, Virginia; Prieto-Sánchez, M. Teresa; Salvador-Garcia, Carme; Sanchez-Solis, Manuel; Sola-Martinez, Rosa A.; Torres-Cantero, Alberto; Yagüe-Guirao, Genoveva; Zornoza-Moreno, Matilde; García-Marcos, Luis; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Noguera Velasco, José Antonio; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Background: Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. Objectives: The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility. Population: Randomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south-eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow-up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19–22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of the “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital over a 36-month period, from March 2015 to April 2018. Design: Prospective, population-based, maternal-child, birth cohort study. Methods: Questionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20–24 gestation week; 32–36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points. Preliminary results: Among the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months’ visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months’ visit. Conclusion: The NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma.
Open Access
The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods.
(Wiley, 2021-09-19) Morales Bartolomé, Eva; Cabezas Herrera, Juan; Jiménez Guerrero, Pedro; Larque Daza, Elvira; Martinez Gracia, María del Carmen; Martinez Torres, Antonela; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; Nieto Diaz, Anibal; Pérez Fernández, Virginia; Prieto Sánchez, María Teresa; Salvador García, Carme; Sánchez Solís De Querol, Manuel; Torres Cantero, Alberto M.; Yagüe Guirao, Genoveva; Zornoza Moreno, Matilde; García Marcos Álvarez, Luis V.; López Soler, Concepción; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Sola Martínez, Rosa Alba; Noguera Velasco, José Antonio; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
Background: Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. Objectives: The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility. Population: Randomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south-eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow-up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19–22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of the “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital over a 36-month period, from March 2015 to April 2018. Design: Prospective, population-based, maternal-child, birth cohort study. Methods: Questionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20–24 gestation week; 32–36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points. Preliminary results: Among the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months’ visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months’ visit. Conclusion: The NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma.
Open Access
The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohortstudy: Rationale, design, and methods
Morales Bartolome, Eva; Alcantara Lopez, Maria V.; Cabezas Herrera, Juan; Jimenez Guerrero, Pedro; Larque Daza, Elvira; Lopez Soler, Concepción; Martinez Gracia, Carmen; Martinez Torres, Antonela; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; Nieto Diaz, Anibal; Perez Fernandez, Virginia; Prieto Sanchez, M. Teresa; Salvador Garcia, Carmen; Sanchez Solis De Querol, Manuel; Torres Cantero, Alberto; Yagüe, Genoveva; Zornoza Moreno, Matilde; Garcia-marcos Alvarez, Luis; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; Diego Puente, Teresa de; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Noguera Velasco, José Antonio; Sola Martínez, Rosa Alba; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
Open Access
Time-restricted eating and bone health: a systematic review with meta-analysis
(MDPI, 2024-03-18) Fernández Rodríguez, Rubén; Garrido Miguel, Miriam; Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno; Díaz Goñi, Valentina; Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Eva; Guzmán Pavón, María José; Meseguer Henarejos, Ana Belén; Torres Costoso, Ana; Fisioterapia
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, andWeb of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = −0.009, 95% CI: −0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.