Browsing by Subject "Biomaterials"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Advances in 3D bioprinting to enhance translational applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicin
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Ortega, Miguel A; Leon Oliva, Diego De; Liviu Boaru, Diego; Fraile-Martínez, Oscar; Garcia Montero, Cielo; Casanova, Carlos; García Honduvilla, Natalio; Buján, Julia; Saez, Miguel A; Álvarez Mon, Melchor; Velazquez De Castro, Amador; Acero, Julio; Barrena Blázquez, Silvestra; Diaz, Raul; López González, Laura
    Bone defects are due to trauma, infections, tumors, or aging, including bone fractures, bone metastases, osteoporosis, or osteoarthritis. The global burden of these demands research into innovative strategies that overcome the limitations of conventional autografts. In this sense, the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) for the on-demand generation and transplantation of tissues and organs, including bone. It combines biological materials and living cells, which are precisely positioned layer by layer. Despite obtaining some promising results, 3D bioprinting of bone tissue still faces several challenges, such as generating an effective vascular network to increase tissue viability. In this review, we aim to collect the main knowledge on methods and techniques of 3D bioprinting. Then, we will review the main biomaterials, their composition, and the rationale for their application in 3D bioprinting for the TERM of bone.
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    Biomaterial scaffolds used for the regeneration of spinal cord injury (SCI)
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Kim, Moonhang; Park, So Ra; Choi, Byung Hyune
    This review presents a summary of various types of scaffold biomaterials used alone or together with therapeutic drugs and cells to regenerate spinal cord injury (SCI). The inhibitory environment and loss of axonal connections after SCI give rise to critical obstacles to regeneration of lost tissues and neuronal functions. Biomaterial scaffolds can provide a bridge to connect lost tissues, an adhesion site for implanted or host cells, and sustained release of therapeutic drugs in the injured spinal cord. In addition, they not only provide a structural platform, but can play active roles by inhibiting apoptosis of cells, inflammation and scar formation, and inducing neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. Many synthetic and natural biomaterial scaffolds have been extensively investigated and tested in vitro and in animal SCI models for these purposes. We summarized the literature on the biomaterials commonly used for spinal cord regeneration in terms of historical backgrounds and current approaches.
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    Differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on collagen sponges for cartilage repair
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Sanjurjo Rodríguez, Clara; Martínez Sánchez, Adela Helvia; Hermida Gómez, Tamara; Fuentes Boquete, Isaac; Díaz Prado, Silvia; Blanco, Francisco J.
    y. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) cultured on collagen biomaterials. Materials and Methods: hBMSCs were seeded on five different collagen (Col) sponges: C1C2 (types I and II Col), C1C2HS (types I and II Col plus heparan sulphate (HS)), C1C2CHS (types I and II Col plus chondroitin sulphate (CHS)), C1-OLH3 (type I Col plus low molecular weight heparin) and C1CHS (type I Col plus CHS). The resulting constructs were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical staining, molecular biology and electron microscopy. Col released into culture media was measured by a dye-binding method. Results: hBMSCs on biomaterials C1C2, C1C2HS and C1C2CHS had more capacity to attach, proliferate and synthesize Col II and proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix (ECM) than on C1-OLH3 and C1CHS. The presence of aggrecan was detected only at the gene level. Total Col liberated by the cells in the supernatants in all scaffold cultures was detected. The level of Col I in the ECM was lower in C1-OLH3 and that of Col II was highest in C1C2 and C1C2HS. Electron microscopy showed differently shaped cells, from rounded to flattened, in all constructs. Col fibers in bundles were observed in C1C2CHS by transmission electron microscopy. Conclusions: The results show that Col I and Col II (C1C2, C1C2HS and C1C2CHS) biomaterials allowed cell proliferation and chondrogenic-like differentiation of hBMSCs at an early stage. Constructs cultured on C1C2HS and C1C2CHS showed better cartilage-like phenotype than the other ones.
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    Regeneration of the periodontium for preservation of the damaged tooth
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Maeda, Hidefumi; Tomokiyo, Atsushi; Wada, Naohisa; Koori, Katsuaki; Kawachi, Giichiro; Akamine, Akifumi
    The population of the world grows every year, and life expectancy tends to increase. Thus, longterm preservation of teeth in aged individuals is an urgent issue. The main causes of tooth loss are well known to be periodontitis, caries, fractures, and orthodontic conditions. Although implant placement is a widely accepted treatment for tooth loss, most patients desire to preserve their own teeth. Many clinicians and researchers are therefore challenged to treat and preserve teeth that are irreversibly affected by deep caries, periodontitis, fractures, and trauma. Tissue engineering techniques are beneficial in addressing this issue; stem cells, signal molecules, and scaffolds are the main elements of such techniques. In this review, we describe these three elements with respect to their validation for regeneration of the periodontium and focus particularly on the potency of diverse scaffolds. In addition, we provide a short overview of the ongoing studies of 4- methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butyl-borane resin including calcium chloride or hydroxyapatite for periodontium regeneration.
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    Structural characterization of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) gum and its fractions
    (Wiley, 2008-07-31) López Franco, Yolanda L.; Calderón de la Barca, Ana María; Valdez, Miguel Ángel; Peter, Martin G.; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Chambat, Gérard; Goycoolea Valencia, Francisco Martín; Biología Celular e Histología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Biología
    Structural and physicochemical characteristics of mesquite gum (from Prosopis velutina) were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods. Four fractions (F-I, F-IIa, F-IIb and F-III) were isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The samples were characterized and analyzed for their monosaccharide and oligomers composition by high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). L-Arabinose (L-Ara) and D-galactose (D-Gal) were found as the main carbohydrate constituent residues in the polysaccharides from mesquite gum and their ratio (L-Ara/D-Gal) varied within the range 2.54 to 3.06 among the various fractions. Small amounts of D-glucose (D-Glc), D-mannose (D-Man) and D-xylose (D-Xyl) were also detected, particularly in Fractions IIa, IIb and III. Infrared spectroscopy identified polysaccharides and protein in all the samples. Data from mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was consistent with the idea that the structure corresponding to the periphereal chains of Fraction I is predominantly a chain of pentoses attached to uronic acid.
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    Ultrastructural assessment of human periodontal ligament fibroblast interaction with bovine pericardium membranes: An in vitro study
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Bernardi, Sara; Marchetti, Enrico; Torge, Diana; Simeone, Davide; Macchiarelli, Guido; Bianchi, Serena; Biología Celular e Histología
    Research towards regenerative dentistry focused on developing scaffold materials whose high performance induces cell adhesion support and guides tissue growth. An early study investigated the proliferation abilities and attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) on two bovine pericardium membranes with different thicknesses, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. Following those published results, we examined the ultrastructure of HPLFs in contact with these membranes. The HPLFs were cultured in standard conditions, exposed to the tested materials, and, after 24 hours, subjected to transmission electron microscopy preparation. The examined parameters included the quality and distribution of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus. HPLFs exposed to membranes showed ultrastructural changes. The cellular compartments aimed at protein synthesis and metabolism increased compared with the control. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA showed that HPLFs exposed to membranes displayed an increase in the number of mitochondria (89.23±7.44 vs. 66.90±9.58; T1 and control; p<0.05 and 84.05±14.01 vs. 66.90±9.58; T2 and control; p<0.05). The reported ultrastructural evidence suggests an active synthesis state of HPLFs, probably triggered by the bovine collagen membrane, showing an active role of this material in the biology of the regeneration process.
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    Ultrastructural study of the osteointegration of bioceramics (Whitlockite and Composite β-TCP + Collagen) in rabbit bone
    (Taylor and Francis, 1996) Vicente, V.; Meseguer, L.; Martínez Díaz, F.; Galián, A.; Rodríguez, J.; Alcaráz, M.; Clavel, M.; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    Study examines the osteointegration of two porous ceramic implants, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and a composite (β-TCP-collagen), in femur and tibias of 20 New Zealand white rabbits, which were sacrificed 1 week and 1, 4, and 12 months postimplant so that radiological, optical microscopic, and ultrastructural studies could be carried out. The results show a progressive degradation and resorption of both implant materials by means of a macrophagic reaction, which is at its most intense 1 month postimplant. The materials are substituted by newly formed bone tissue starting at the host bone-implant interface, the substitution being almost total by the end of the study, although less completely and earlier than in the case of the composite. Both materials can be considered as potential substitutes for bone tissue since they are biocompatible, bioreabsorbable, and osteogenic.