Browsing by Subject "Antibiotics"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Effect of body size on plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (MDPI, 2024-11-16) Uney, Kamil; Corum, Duygu Durna; Marin, Pedro; Coskun, Devran; Terzi, Ertugrul; Badillo Puerta, Elena; Corum, Orhan; Farmacología
    Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for use in fish. It can be used for bacterial infections in fish of all body sizes. However, physiological differences in fish depending on size may change the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and therefore its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the change in the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in rainbow trout of various body sizes was revealed for the first time. The objective of this investigation was to compare the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in rainbow trout of different body sizes. The study was conducted at 14 ± 0.5 ◦C in fish of small, medium, and large body size and danofloxacin was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of this antimicrobial in tissues and plasma were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The plasma elimination half-life (t1/2Lz), volume of distribution (Vdarea/F), total clearance (CL/F), peak concentration (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–last) were 27.42 h, 4.65 L/kg, 0.12 L/h/kg, 2.53 μg/mL, and 82.46 h·μg/mL, respectively. Plasma t1/2Lz, AUC0–last and Cmax increased concomitantly with trout growth, whereas CL/F and Vdarea/F decreased. Concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues were higher than in plasma. Cmax and AUC0–last were significantly higher in large sizes compared to small and medium sizes in all tissues. The scaling factor in small, medium, and large fish was 1.0 for bacteria with MIC thresholds of 0.57, 0.79, and 1.01 μg/mL, respectively. These results show that therapeutic efficacy increases with body size. However, since increases in danofloxacin concentration in tissues of large fish may affect withdrawal time, attention should be paid to the risk of tissue residue.
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    Factors influencing inappropriate use of antibiotics in infants under 3 years of age in primary care: a qualitative study of the paediatricians’ perceptions
    (MDPI, 2023-04-07) Arnau Sánchez, José; Jiménez-Guillén, Casimiro; Alcaraz-Quiñonero, Manuel; Vigueras-Abellán, Juan José; Garnica-Martínez, Beatriz; Soriano-Ibarra, Juan Francisco; Martín-Ayala, Gema; Facultad de Enfermería
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    Implementation of a Multifaceted Program to Improve the Rational Use of Antibiotics in Children under 3 Years of Age in Primary Care
    (MDPI, 2024-06-21) Alfayate Miguélez, Santiago; Martín Ayala, Gema; Jiménez Guillén, Casimiro; Alcaraz Quiñonero, Manuel; Herrero Delicado, Rafael; Arnau Sánchez, José; Enfermería; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Enfermería
    A multifaceted, participatory, open program based on a qualitative and quantitative approach was developed in the Region of Murcia (Spain) aimed to reduce antibiotic use in children under 3 years of age diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infections (acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and common cold). Antibiotic consumption was measured using the defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). Pre-intervention data showed a prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions in the primary care setting of 45.7% and a DHD of 19.05. In 2019, after the first year of implementation of the program, antibiotic consumption was 10.25 DHD with an overall decrease of 48% as compared with 2015. Although antibiotic consumption decreased in all health areas, there was a large variability in the magnitude of decreases across health areas (e.g., 12.97 vs. 4.77 DHD). The intervention program was effective in reducing the use of antibiotics in children under 3 years of age with common upper respiratory diseases, but reductions in antibiotic consumption were not consistent among all health areas involved.
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    Risk factors of DAIR failure and validation of the KLIC score
    (SAGE Publications, 2022-03-24) Hernández Torres, Alicia; Bernaus M, Rubio Á, Soriano A, et al; Bernaus, Martí ; Auñón-Rubio, Álvaro; Monfort-Mira, Montserrat; Arteagoitia-Colino, Iaria; Martínez-Ros, Javier; Castellanos, Juan; Lamo Espinosa, José María; Argüelles, Francisco; Veloso, Margarita; Gómez García, Lucía; Anglès Crespo, Francesc; Sánchez Fernández, Joel; Murias Álvarez, Juan; Martí Garín, David; Hernández-González, Nerea; Villarejo Fernández, Borja; Valero Cifuentes, Gregorio; Molina-González, José; Coifman-Lucena, Ismael; Esteban-Moreno, Jaime; Demaria, Pablo; Esteve-Palau, Erika; Pozo, José Luis del; Suárez, Álvaro; Carmona Torre, Francisco; Darás, Álvaro; Baeza, José; Font Vizcarra, Lluís; Medicina
    Background: Debridement, antibiotic agents, and implant retention (DAIR) is a currently accepted approach for the treatment of early prosthetic joint infections (PJI). The success of a DAIR procedure has shown variable results throughout the published literature. Scoring systems such as the Kidney, Liver, Index surgery, Cemented prosthesis, and C-reactive protein value (KLIC) score for the selection of patients that are likely to benefit from DAIR have proved to be helpful in decision making. Our study aims to further validate the KLIC score using a large external multicentric cohort and to evaluate other risk factors for failure. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with an early acute PJI who were treated with DAIR and recorded in a database of eight Spanish university hospitals was performed. According to pre-operative variables of the KLIC study, patients were categorized into five groups: group A, ≤2 points; group B, 2.5–3.5 points; group C, 4–5 points; group D, 5.5–6.5 points; and group E, ≥7 points. Failure rates were compared between groups at 60 days and after 60 days of DAIR. Further variables for risk of failure were also analyzed. Results: A total of 455 patients with early acute PJI were included in the analyses. At 60 days, patients presenting with pre-operative elevated C-reactive protein serum levels, Staphylococcus aureus, and polymicrobial infections were associated with failure. Failure rates recorded were 12% for group A (n = 210), 18% for group B (n = 83), 26% for group C (n = 89), 24% for group D (n = 66), and 0% for group E (n = 7). Univariable analysis between consecutive groups of the KLIC score showed no differences for failure before 60 days of the DAIR procedure. Scheduled surgery and having the procedure performed by a specialized unit were also identified as important factors for DAIR success. Conclusions: Our results suggest the KLIC score was not useful for predicting failure in our cohort. Furthermore, our results indicate a specialized unit should conduct DAIR procedures.