Browsing by Subject "Aerobic training"

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    Aerobic training attenuates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor changes in the diaphragm muscle during heart failure
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) de Souza, Paula Aiello Tomé; de Souza, Rodrigo Wagner Alves; Campos Soares, Luana; Piedade, Warlen Pereira; Campos, Dijon Henrique S.; Carvalho, Robson Francisco; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Okoshi, Katashi; Cicogna, Antônio Carlos; Michelin Matheus, Selma Maria; Dal-Pai-Silva, Maeli
    Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive myopathy, with clinical signs of fatigue and limb weakness that can damage the nerve-muscle interaction, altering synaptic transmission and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). The diaphragm is composed of a mixed proportion of muscle fibres, and during HF, this muscle becomes slower and can alter its function. As exercise training is an accepted practice to minimise abnormalities of skeletal muscle during HF, in this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that aerobic training attenuates alterations in the expression of nAChR subunits in NMJs diaphragm during heart failure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of nAChR subunits in the diaphragm muscle fibres of rats subjected to an aerobic training programme during HF. Methods: Control (Sham), control training (ShamTR), aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic stenosis training (ASTR) groups were evaluated. The expression of nAChR subunits (γ, α1, ε, β1 and δ) was determined by qRT-PCR, and NMJs were analysed using confocal microscopy. Results: We observed increased expression of the γ, α1 and β1 subunits in the AS group compared with the ASTR group. The distribution of NMJs was modulated in these groups. Discussion: HF alters the mRNA expression of nAChR subunits and the structural characteristics of diaphragm NMJs. In addition, aerobic training did notalter NMJs morphology but attenuated the alterations in heart structure and function and in nAChR subunit mRNA expression. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training in maintaining the integrity of the neuromuscular system in the diaphragm muscle during HF and may be critical for non-pharmacological therapy to improve the quality of life for patients with this syndrome.
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    Efecto agudo de ejercicio isométrico sobre parámetros autonómicos en adultos sedentarios obesos y con sobrepeso
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Espinoza-Salinas, A.; Bobadilla-Olivares, M.; Millaqueo, C.; Núñez, M.; Oyarzun-Chicuy, G.; Cano-Montoya, J.; Peiret-Villacura, L.; Pinto-Correa, P.; Arenas-Sánchez, G.
    La obesidad es entendida como una inflamación crónica asociada a complicaciones en la disfunción del sistema nervioso autónomo relacionadacon enfermedades cardiovasculares. Y el ejercicio isométrico, representado por la fuerza de prensión manual, favorece la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y al desequilibrio autonómico. Objetivo:describir la respuesta aguda de un ejercicio isométrico (EI) comparándolo con el efecto de un ejercicio aeróbico (EA), analizando los parámetros autonómicos de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (LF/HF), presión arterial diastólica (PAD), sistólica (PAS) y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) en personas obesos y en sobrepeso. Metodología: 20 participantes fueron distribuidos al azar en 2 grupos; los que realizaron una sesión de ejercicio aeróbico en cicloergómetro durante 15 min a 50 watts (n=10) y los que realizaron una sesión de EI al 30% de la fuerza máxima. Ambosfueron evaluados pre y post intervención, se analizaron las variables mediante la prueba estadística U de Mann-Whitney con un nivel designificancia p<0,05.Resultados: El EI produjo cambios estadísticamente significativos en PAS (p= 0,001), LH/HF (p = 0,02) y FC (p=0,01), mientras que la PAD mejoró, pero no de forma significativa. Conclusiones: una sesión de EI, genera una mayor disminución que el EA en las variables de VFC, FC y PAS.
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    The importance of physical activity in osteoporosis. From the molecular pathways to the clinical evidence
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Castrogiovanni, Paola; Trovato, Francesca Maria; Szychlinska, Marta Anna; Nsir, Houda; Imbesi, Rosa; Musumeci, Giuseppe
    Osteoporosis is a very common bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and signs of deterioration, responsible for bone fragility typical in this pathology. The risk factors for the onset of osteoporosis are many and different from each other. Some of them cannot be modified, such as age, hereditary diseases and endocrine diseases. Others are modifiable, so that prevention is an advisable tool to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis. Among preventive tools, physical activity is certainly a valid instrument of prevention, in fact physical activity contributes to a healthy energy balance and increases muscle mass and bone mass. In the present narrative review, we wanted to pay attention to the possible influence of physical activity on the pathophysiological molecular pathways of osteoporosis and to the use of different exercise training in treatment of osteoporosis. From the literature analyzed, in relation to the effects of physical activity on bone metabolism, it is shown that exercise acts on molecular pathways of bone remodeling involving all cellular types of bone tissue. In relation to clinical trials adopted in patients with osteoporosis, it is evident that a multi-component training, including aerobic activity and other types of training (resistance and/or strength exercises), is the best kind of exercise in improving bone mass and bone metabolism in older adults and especially osteopoenic and osteoporotic women. With regard to whole-body-vibration training, it seems to be a valid alternative to current methods due to its greater adaptability to patients. In conclusion, physical activity, whatever the adopted training, always has beneficial effects on patients suffering from osteoporosis, and not only on bone homeostasis but on the whole skeletal muscle system.