Anales de psicología Vol. 40, Nº 2 (2024)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10201/140587

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Open Access
Psychometric study of the Mentallypro Scale for the evaluation of exposureto psychological risk factors in the work environmen
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Guàrdia-Olmos, Joan; Peró-Cebollero, Maribel; Carbó-Carreté, Maria; Cañete-Massé, Cristina
Background: This paper presents the new Mentallypro Scale for the Assessment of Exposure to Psychological Risk Factors in the Work Environment. Its appearance comes to solve some of the limitations of the current scales that either do not present updated scales or have mismatches to the current work environment. Method:6881 workers distributed in 11 different sectors of activity completed the final scale, obtained after a test scale. The final scale consists of 56 ipsative items presented in blocks of four, so that the respondent can order them based on their highest to low-est identification with the item's content. The items define 14 factors and standardized scores have been obtained for each factor and sector of activity based on the distribution of Intellectual Quotients (IQ) [μ = 100 and σ = 15]. Results:All the psychometric indicators show a high degree of validity and reliability. Additionally, scores have been corrected for Age and Gender to remove the item differential effect. Conclusions:The scale presented meets the psychometric requirements and resolves the limitations of other scales in terms of ease, speed, and utility in the work environment
Open Access
Subjective memory complaints in young people; their relationship withobjective cognitive performance and the role of neuroticism
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Crespo-Sanmiguel, Isabel; Zapater-Fajar, Mariola; Garrido-Chaves, Ruth; Hidalgo, Vanesa; Salvador, Alicia
Perceptions of recurrent forgetfulness or episodes of distraction in daily life are referred to as subjective memory complaints (SMCs). Their nature has been extensively studied in older adults, but their significance and relationship with neurocognitive performance have not been fully addressed in younger adults. Some psychological traits have been suggested as possible moderators of the association between objective and subjective memory performance. The first aim of this study was to analyze the correspondence between the objective and subjective perception of memory failures in young people. Second, we studied whether the psychological trait of neuroticism could be influencing this relationship. Todo this, we measured SMCs, different cognitive domains (episodic and working memory and executive functions), and neuroticism in 80 young men and women. Results showed that only immediate episodic memory was statistically related to SMCs. Interestingly, the negative relationships between objective and subjective memory performance only appeared in participants with higher neuroticism. Thus, memory complaints reported by young people could reflect poorer immediate episodic memory performance, whereas neuroticism would play a main role in the association between memory deficits and SMCs. This study provides data that can help to bet-ter understand SMCs in young people.
Open Access
The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness,and social anxiety in adolescents
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) İme, Yakup; Akyıl, Yusuf; Çağlar, Azmi
Digital addiction, which is determined as a common problem among adolescents in the last years, affects the lives of adolescents nega-tively in terms of many aspects. The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between adolescents' digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety. Gate gathered from adolescents who completed Digital Addiction Scale, Short Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Shyness Scale, and DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale -Child Form. The suggested hypotheses have been tested using the data gathered from 991 adolescents and hierarchical regression analysis. The research findings found a positive and significant relationship between digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety among adolescents. Furthermore, the findings show that digital addiction, loneliness, and shyness predict social anxiety. The results obtained prove that digital addiction, loneliness and shyness have an effect on social anxiety. According to the findings, it is suggested to applyvarious educational interventions by mental health professionals to adolescents who show signs of digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety
Open Access
Transdiagnostic risk factors of emotional disorders in adults: A systematic review
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Antuña-Camblor, Celia; Peris-Baquero, Óscar; Juarros-Basterretxea, Joel; Cano-Vindel, Antonio; Rodríguez-Díaz, F. Javier
Comorbidity is more the rule than the exception in mental health, specifically in the case of anxiety and depression. Transdiagnostic models studied the underlying processes to improve mental health treat-ment and understating. Objective:This systematic review searchs for evidence on transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and depression in the clinical population diagnosed with these psychopathological conditions, by analysing the different types or categories of factors identified.Methods A systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370327) and was designed according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Two independent reviewers with field knowledge assessed the study quality to reduce bias.Results: Fifty-three articles were examined, and the transdi-agnostic variables were grouped into three categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Conclusions:The most studied category was that of psychological variables, especially cognitive processes, negative affect, and neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity. Biological and sociocultural factors require more study to support their transdiagnostic approach.
Open Access
Teacher Emotion Inventory: validation in a sample of Spanish teachers
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Rodríguez-Donaire, Alba; Luna, Pablo; Pérez-González, Juan-Carlos; Cejudo, Javier
Background: Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI) scale is an instrument that evaluates discrete emotions experienced by teachers in the teaching-learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the Teacher Emotion Inventory scale (TEI-BSV) using a sample of 567 teachers (65.5% women), aged between 25 and 65 years (M= 46.04; SD= 9.09). Methods: After adaptation through back-translation, the teachers completed a battery of tests included in the TEI-BSV: an emotional intelligence questionnaire, two subjective well-being scales, a burnout scale and a scale on engagement. Results: The data revealed adequate internal consistency of the TEI-BSV subscales, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence that the TEI-BSV has a four-factor structure with good adjustment, as opposed to the original five-factor structure proposed. There was evidence of convergent validity of the TEI-BSV, as well as criterion and incremental validity. Conclusions: The TEI-BSV could be a useful instrument for the ecological assessment of teachers' discrete emotions in the context of their workplac
Open Access
Multi-informant assessment of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (formerly Sluggish Cognitive Tempo). Self-reported measures of children in relation to parents
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Cano-Crespo, Almudena; Moreno-García, Inmaculada; Servera, Mateu; Morales-Ortiz, Manuel
The aim was to examine, using a multi-informant approach,parent and child measures of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome(CDS) and their relationship with internalising and externalising symptoms. 279chil-dren(9-13 yearsold)and their parents completed assessments of the CDS, thein attention of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD), and other internalising and externalising measures. The items of the three measures of CDS converged reasonably well on the CDS factor. Discriminant evidence of validity of the relationships between test scores and the measures of the three different constructs (CDS, loneliness and preference for solitude) was provided. A stronger association was found between parental assessment of the measures of CDS with anxiety and depression and between inattention with hyperactivity/impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder. The predictive ability of the measure of CDS on self-reported measures of loneliness and preference for being alone was observed. Apossible association was found between parent-rated CDS measure and children's gender and age. Inconclusion,the data support the inclusion of self-reported measures in assessing CDS. Measures of CDS in children are linked to other internalising measures and inattention to externalising measures.
Open Access
Motivation to learn: an international multilevel study on student autonomy and teacher emphasis on content usefulness
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Moreno-Murcia, Juan Antonio; Huéscar Hernández, Elisa; León, Jaime; Fin, Gracielle; Nodari Júnior, Rudy José; Tristan, José; Gastélum-Cuadras, Gabriel; Zueck Enríquez, María del Carmen; Vargas Vitoria, Rodrigo; Cid, Luís; Monteir, Diogo; Teixeira, Diogo; Valero Valenzuela, Alfonso
Teacher autonomy support is related to improved student learning. In higher education, few studies relate classroom contextual factors, such as teacher emphasis on content usefulness, and students' motivational characteristics. The aim was to test a multilevel model about the relation between the extent of teachers’ emphasis on the usefulness of class content with student autonomy, and, in turn, on motivation to learn. The participants were 3033 university students enrolled from 1st to 4th grade of Sciences of the Physical Activity and Sport, from universities in Spain (N = 602), Portugal (N = 469), Mexico (N = 1177), Chile (N = 372), and Brazil (N = 413). A multilevel structural equation model was performed, in which participants answered questions about the teacher's emphasis on the use-fulness of class content, basic psychological need for autonomy, and motivation to learn. At the group and individual levels, the hypothesis is that the teacher's emphasis on the usefulness of class content predict the student autonomy, in turn, student autonomy predicts student motivation to learn. Results found at the group level and at the individual level the strength of teacher emphasis on class content predicted student autonomy; student autonomy predicted student motivation to learn.
Open Access
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on suicidal behavior: a systematic review
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Ortas-Barajas, Francisco; Manchón, Javier
Suicide has emerged as a pressing global issue affecting both society and public health.In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could prove effective in its approach, supported by evidence of the relationship between certain components of ACT and suicidal behavior. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of ACT in suicidal behavior. For this, the PRISMA protocol was followed, using thefollowing databases: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and PsicoDoc. Initially, 108 potentially relevant publications were obtained,13 of which were finally included in there view. We analyzed study quality using a risk of bias assessment instrument. As a result, statistically significant decreases in suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors were observed. In addition, some studies indicated statistically significant relationships between increased psychological flexibility and decreased SI. While the data suggested the potential effectiveness of ACT inreducing suicidal ideation (SI), more experimental studies are needed to consider the complexity of suicidal behavior and explore the processes of changeinvolved.
Open Access
Narcissism, perfectionism, and self-promoting behavior on social networking sites among university students in Pakistan
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Hasan Abbasi, Najam ul; Arshad, Qaiser; Tao, Wang; Had, Abdul
There is considerable debate in the literature about how narcissism predicts various behaviors associated with the utility of social networking sites, but researchers have paid less attention to exploring the potential mediators of this relationship.Based on the existing literature, we anticipated that narcissism predicts self-promoting behaviors on social networking sites. The current study also investigated the mediating role of multidimensional perfectionism between narcissism and self-promoting behavior. A total of 605 complete questionnaires were gathered from students from universities from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using convenient sampling. The study used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), self-developed Self-promoting Behavior on social networking sites questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt et al., 1991). Findings indicated that females as compared to males and single as comparedto married individuals scored higher on narcissism. Higher educational levels were associated with higher rates of narcissism. The results also suggestthat narcissism correlated with self-oriented per-fectionism, and more significantlywith others-oriented narcissism. Self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism significantly mediated the relationship between narcissism and self-promoting behavior on social networking sites
Open Access
The emotion of gratitude as a mediator between subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, and satisfaction with lifein spanish adults
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Scurtu-Tura, Maria Claudia; Fernández-Espinosa, Verónica; Obispo-Díaz, Belén
This study aims to examine the predictability of satisfaction with life on the basis of subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, psychological disturbance and emotion of gratitude. It also seeks to assess whether the emotion of gratitude is a mediating variable withsubjective happiness, affect, and satisfaction with life. Statistical analyses of Pearson'scorrelation, multiple linear regression tests, and mediation models were conducted on asample of 1537 Spanish adults, 73.6% were females, 26.4% males, age between 18-88 yearsold (M = 42.56; SD = 16.29). The emotions of gratitude were found to mediate therelationship between subjec-tive happiness and satisfaction with life and between positiveaffect and satisfaction with life. Of the variables studied, positive affect is the most related tosatisfaction with life, followed by subjective happiness and emotions of gratitude. Maleparticipants are more satisfied with life when they feel the less negative affect. Regardingmediation models, emotions of gratitude mediate the relationship between subjectivehappiness and satisfaction with life and between positive affect and satisfaction with life. Themaindifferenceis thatemotions of gratitudearestronger infemalesthan in male.
Open Access
Do the benefits of learning to write a compare-contrast text transfer to other types of writing task? Analysing the effects of strategy-focused instruction
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Rodríguez-Málaga, Lucía; Rodríguez, Celestino; González-Sánchez, Lorena; Areces, Debora; Cueli, Marisol
Cognitive Self-Regulation Instruction (CSRI) program is a strategy-focused instruction with three instructional components for improving students’ writing product (direct teaching, modelling, and peerpractice). The present study aimed to explore whether the CSRI program leads to spontaneous transfer, improving the writing product (in terms of quality, structure, and text coherence) of an uninstructed genre (opinion text); and to examine whether the order in which the instructional components were implemented had an effect. A total of 126 students in their 4thyear of primary school participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions which received the CSRI but differed in the order the instructional components were delivered, or to a control condition which followed the traditional teaching approach. Our findings show that both CSRI sequences produced benefits in terms of greater structure and coherence of the writing product in the opinion text at post-test but not 8months after the intervention. In consequence, for students to be able to adequately transfer strategies to uninstructed text genres, they need teachers to teach them how to do it effectively.
Open Access
Therapist self-compassion and compassion fatigue: the mediating role of resilience
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Ruiz-Aranda, Desireé; Silva-García, Beatriz; Fenollar, Javier
The demands placed on professionals working with psychological problems can result in a risk of burnout (Yang & Hayes, 2020). The objective of this study was to analyze the possible role of resilience as a mediator variable in the relationship between self-compassion and compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Sixty-five clinical psychologists (50 women and 15 men) aged between 23 and 71 years (M= 33.8, SD= 10.8) participated in the study. The therapists completed the Self-Compassion Scale, the 14-Item Resilience Scale, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Separate simple mediation models were tested to examine the extent to which each of the Resilience scale variables attenuated the relationship between Self-compassion and Professional Quality of Life. Serial multiple mediator models were performed to explore whether Resilience variables acted in-teractively as mediators in the association between Self-compassion and Professional Quality of Life. Simple mediation analyses showed that Per-sonal Competence was a significant partial mediator in the relationship between Self-Compassion and Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout. Personal Competence and Acceptance of Self and Life were not significant mediators of the relationship between Self-Compassion and Secondary Traumatic Stress.
Open Access
Mindfulness trait and the potential mediating role of emotional regulation strategies in bipolar disorder
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Burgos-Julián, Francisco A.; Díaz-Silveira, Cintia; Ruíz-Íñiguez, Raquel; Santed Germán, Miguel A.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between the main symptoms of Bipolar disorder (BD) and emotional regulation difficulties in adaptive and maladaptive emotional regulation strategies (ERS). In addition, this study examines the possible mediating effects of ERS with dispositional mindfulnessand bipolar symptoms. Method.Twenty-four adults diagnosed with BD completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Altman Mania Self-Assessment Scale (ARSM), the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-R), and the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results. First, multiple regression analysis showed how depression was significantly positively related to self-blame, whereas trait anxietywas positively associated with self-blame and catastrophizing. Second, the results of the mediation analysis have shown a significant mediation effect for the self-blamein the relationship between mindfulnessand depression (a*b = -.15; BCI 95% [-.36, -.03]) and between mindfulnessand trait anxiety (a*b = -.09; BCI 95% [-.27, -.01]). Conclusions. Our results report the role of selfblame and catastrophizing in BD and how these might significantly mediate between dispositional mindfulness and symptoms of depression and anxiety. These results suggest that a meditation practice focused on reducing catastrophizing and self-blame may be especially helpful for symptoms of depression and anxiety in bipolar patients.
Open Access
Results of a brief online group application of the unified protocol for the preventionof emotional disorders in university students: a pilot study with multiple baseline experimental design
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Socias-Soler, Jordi; Martínez-García, Laura; Peris-Baquero, Óscar; Osma, Jorge
Emotional disorders (EDs) are the most common disorders among the young population. The development of preventive programs for EDs is essential to avoid their possible appearance. Transdiagnostic prevention programs could present an advantage over existing ones to improve emotional regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this study has been to determine the preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of a brief program based on the Unified Protocol (UP). The project consisted of a pilot study using a multiple baseline experimental design. Nine university students received a 5-session program based on the UP in online-group format. Significant differences were found after the intervention for emotion regulation, perceived social support and avoidance, with moderate-large effect sizes (Cohen's r= .49-.59). These improvements showed increases at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Those results are in line with those showing that brief transdiagnostic preventive programs could be use-ful for the prevention of EDs in the university population.
Open Access
Feeling good mother/father and other regimes.LGBT people’s emotions and parenthoods
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Alday-Mondaca, Carolina; Castañeda-Rentería, Liliana; Lay-Lisboa, Siu
In this article, we analyze and discuss the emotional dimension that LGBT people associate with the exercise of motherhood/fatherhood. Based on feminist theory and subalternity and intersectionality theory contributions, we applied the biographical method to a dialogical-recursive investigative process. Participants were 21 LGBT people and key informants, belonging to academia, psychotherapy, politics, and diversity activism, over 18 years old, from Chile (16), Mexico (4), and Colombia (1); the partici-pantswere people between 21 and 57 years of age, with a mean age of 37.19 and a standard deviation of 10.03. We found emotions related to the social mandate to "be a good mother/father"; emotions resulting from social situations such as discrimination and legal lack of protection, and emotions derived from the parenting experience. We conclude that repression/resistance dynamics go through the bodies, and emotions are fundamental to this incarnation. Given this, the development of research focused on emotion can open ways to achieve more just societies through cultivated sentimentality, societies aware of the type of bonds that keep us as worthy members of a society and the performative effect of our emo-tional demands.
Open Access
Social media uses amongst adolescents: motives, minority stress and eudaimonic well-being
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) López-Sáez, Miguel Ángel; Pérez-Torres, Vanesa; Pastor, Yolanda; Lobato-Rincón, Luis-Lucio; Thomas, Helena; Angulo-Brunet, Ariadna
Introduction:The scientific evidence regarding the effects of online social media use on the well-being of adolescents is mixed. In general, passive uses (receiving, viewing content without interacting) and more screen time are related to lower well-being when compared with active uses (direct interactions and interpersonal exchanges). Objectives:This study examines the types and motives for social media usage amongst adolescents, differentiating them by gender identity and sexual orientation, as well as its effects on eudaimonic well-being and minority stress. Method: A crosssectional study was conducted with 1259 adolescents, aged 14 to 19 (M= 16.19; SD= 1.08), analysing the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites, eudaimonic well-being, the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory, screen time and profile type. Results:The results found that longer use time is related to finding partners, social connection and friendships; that gay and bisexual (GB) adolescents perceive more distal stressors online;and that females have higher levels of well-being. Discussion: The public profiles of GB males increase self-expression, although minority stress can be related to discrimination, rejection or exclusion. Differentiated socialization may contribute to a higher level of well-being in females, with both active and passive uses positively effecting eudaimonic well-being in adolescents
Open Access
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale in clinical and general populations
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Ceballos-Munuera, Celia; Senín-Calderón, Cristina; Rosales-Becerra, Ángela; Rodríguez-Testa, Juan F.
Objective:The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) is a brief self-report screening scale for fatigue that is used in Spain but has not been validated for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CFS (Sp-CFS). Method:The sample consisted of 3,671 participants (3,190 from the general population and 481 patients), aged 18 to 86 years (M=28.43; DT=12.71), 67.6% of whom were women. Psychometric properties of the scale were tested in a cross-sectional design using cross-validation (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and estimation of invariance (sex and clinical condition). Results:A four-factor model (low energy, sleep problems, concentration problems and subjective cognitive dysfunction) rather than an original two-factor model (physical and mental fatigue) provided better indices of goodness of fit to the data. The internal consistencyand stability of the scale were excellent. Its convergent validity was supported by its significant association with anxiety, depression, stress, and the positive and negative symptoms of the psychosis spectrum. The instrument did not show significant differences between sexes or clinical conditions, and it discriminated between the general population and the patients, with the latter obtaining significantly greater scores. Conclusions: Sp-CFS is a reliable and valid scale for measuring a transdiagnostic construct such as fatigue in Spanish general and clinical population.
Open Access
Meta-analysis: Confidence intervals and Prediction intervals
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Botella, Juan; Sánchez-Meca, Julio
Several types of intervals are usually employed in meta-analysis, a fact that has generated some confusion when interpreting them. Confidence intervals reflect the uncertainty related to a single number, the parametric mean effect size. Prediction intervals reflect the probable parametric effect size in any study of the same class as those included in a meta-analysis. Its interpretation and applications are different. In this article we explain their different nature and how they can be used to answer specific questions. Numerical examples are included, as well as their computation with the metafor R package.

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