Cuadernos de psicología del deporte Vol.25, nº 2 (2025)

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Caracterización de los saques de esquina en el Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Silva,Eduardo Henrique Amancio; Clavijo, Fabian Alberto Romero; Reame, Giovani Augusto Galindo; Burkle, Bruno Feijo; Drews, Ricardo; Sin departamento asociado
This study characterized the corner kicks performed in the Brazilian Football Championship games. 1450 corner kicks from 148 games of the Championship edition held in 2020 were analyzed, with all sampled games taken from the broadcast coverage of closed television channels. The observation instrument used was adapted from different studies that investigated corner kicks in international competitions. The data were analyzed descriptively, from absolute (N) and relative (%) values and through cluster analysis using the maximum distance method between Cita: Silva, E. H. A.,Clavijo, F. A. R.,Reame, G. A. G.,Burkle, B.F.&Drews, R.Characterization of corner kicks in the Brazilian Soccer Championship. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,25(2), 245-263 grouping values, based on the gower method for mixed variables. In addition, a bivariate analysis was performed with contingency tables using a chi-square test for categorical criteria, with the criterion variable being the result of the corner kick (Goal x no Goal). The results indicated that, on average, 9.81 corner kicks were taken per match, most of which were directed to the penalty area, executed between the 60th and 75th minutes of the game, and delivered with a high trajectory and external arc, and finalized mainly with the head. On the other hand, only thirty-two corner kicks (2.58%) resulted in goal. Inferential analysis revealed that the final contact surface was related to the result of the corner kick (X2 = 16.878, p = 0.002, Cramer’s V = 0.12). It is concluded that the corner kicks in the Brazilian Soccer Championship share similar characteristics to those found in other countries, and these characteristics may be aimed at deceiving the opponent to score
Open Access
Validación del Índice de Fortaleza Mental (MTI) en jóvenes deportistas españoles
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Vega-Díaz, Marta; González-García, Higinio; Sin departamento asociado
Entende-se por força mental o atributo psicológico que nos permite superar desafios e adversidades. Esta capacidade é crucial em diversas áreas, como a académica, a desportiva, o enfrentamento de doenças, entre outras, pois permite a qualquer pessoa controlar o stress e ultrapassar os obstáculos que surgem ao longo da vida. Por este motivo, e devido ao elevado stress e às exigências enfrentadas pelos atletas espanhóis, é necessário proceder à validação do índice de força mental na população espanhola. O estudo teve como objetivo examinar as características psicométricas do Índice de força Mental (MTI) em atletas espanhóis. A amostra foi constituída por 403 atletas (Mage = 15,59; SD= 1,57; 208 homens e 195 mulheres), separados em: amostra 1 (n= 201) e amostra 2 (n= 202). Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA) e modelação exploratória de equações estruturais (ESEM), bem como uma análise bifatorial, foram realizadas nas duas amostras examinadas. Os resultados das análises mostraram a existência de um único fator, bem como o ajuste dos 8 itens do modelo original à validação no contexto espanhol do MTI. Da mesma forma, as análises de correlação mostraram a validade convergente e discriminantedo MTI na sua versão espanhola. Em conclusão, os resultados corroboram a validade e fiabilidade dos escores do MTI na versão espanhola. Assim sendo, esta ferramenta poderia ser utilizada para avaliar o nível de força mental dos atletas
Open Access
Un análisis conductual de los predictores de la adherencia al ejercicio y su impacto económico en el contexto del fitness
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Jacinto, Miguel; Matos, Rui; Morquecho-Sánchez, Raquel; Amaro, Nuno; Cid, Luís; Couto, Nuno; Santos Teixeira, Diogo; Monteiro, Diogo; Antunes, Raúl; Sin departamento asociado
his study aimed to examine the relationship between clients' perceptions of exercise physiologists' behaviors, motivational types, and their subsequent influence on exercise adherence over a six-month. Additionally, we assessed the financial impact of client dropout on fitness center revenues during this timeframe. Methods: A sample of 1,803 individuals (ages 18-54; M = 26.61, SD = 5.48) enrolled in fitness centers across Portugal participated in this study. Results: Over the six-month period, 42% of clients canceled their memberships, resulting in an estimated monthly revenue loss of €28,659.60 by the end of the sixth month. Cumulatively, the fitness centers experienced a total revenue loss of €110,393.27 during the study period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that need-supportive behaviors from physiologists are positively associated with autonomous motivation, which in turn promotes long-term exercise adherence. In contrast, need-thwarting behaviors are linked to controlled motivation, which negatively impacts exercise maintenance. These insights highlight the importance of motivational strategies in both client retention and financial sustainability for fitness centers
Open Access
La Motivación Intrínseca y el Disfrute como Factores Clave en la Relación con la Calidad Percibida del Comportamiento del Instructor de Fitness: Potenciando la Adherencia al Ejercicio
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Braga-Pereira, Ricardo; Furtado, Guilherme; Sampaio, António; Teques, Pedro; Sin departamento asociado
The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the relationship between the perceived behaviour of fitness instructors and the intrinsic motivation of exercisers, (2) examine the differences between exercisers according to socio-demographic characteristics, (3) and identify the predictive potential of the two scales’dimensions. The study included 220 exercisers in a fitness/health club. The results indicate significant correlations between the perception of the fitness instructor’s behaviour and the intrinsic motivation of the exercisers, with differences in the socio-demographic aspects relating to the participants and in the predictive capacity of the different variables. These results emphasise the importance of promoting high-quality interactions between fitness instructors and exercisers in order to improve their intrinsic motivation and consequent long-term adherence to exercise
Open Access
Análisis técnico del Fútbol 7 Femenino en etapas formativas, categoría Sub12
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Arroyo del Bosque, Rubén; Amatria Jiménez, Mario; Maneiro Dios, Rubén; Sin departamento asociado
This study analyses the offensive technical behaviours in women's 7-a-side football, evaluating the execution and success according to the players' demarcation. We observed 295 offensive sequences of the I Torneo Nacional Femenino LaLiga Promises 2019 (U-12), applying an observational methodology with an ad hoc recording instrument. The analyses included relationships between categorical variables and polar coordinates. The results ndicate a frequent and successful use (78%) of controls, passing, dribbling and driving. The goalkeepers and defenders are notable for their control and passing actions to maintain possession and structure the ball out. The midfielders intervene with driving and aerial play to connect lines, while the forwards act after dribbles down the flank, looking for the finish. These findings underline the importance of combinative play and space management, providing valuable information to improve tactical planning and training at youth level
Open Access
Factor estrés-recuperación en División de Honor de baloncesto en silla de ruedas
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Hernaiz-Sánchez, Ariadna; González-Gil, Tamara; Martín, Víctor; Sal-de-Rellán, Alejando; Sin departamento asociado
The study investigates stress and recovery levels in wheelchair basketball (BSR) players who participated in the 2023 Copa del Rey, analyzing how these factors affect their performance. The sample included 38 mixed-gender Cita: Hernaiz-Sánchez, A,González-Gil, T,Martín, V&Sal-de-Rellán, A. (2025).Factor estrés-recuperación en División de Honor de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,25(2), 203-219 layers from the Spanish Division of Honor League. The RESTQ-Sport questionnaire was used to evaluate stress and recovery across various dimensions related to both sports and personal life.The results indicated that stress levels among the players were generally low, while recovery levels were high. No significant differences were found between men and women, nor between players with more or less experience in the competition, although more experienced players tended to recover better. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a balance between stress and recovery to avoid overtraining and maximize performance. The research suggests that most BSR players are mentally prepared for competition and employ effective recovery strategies. However, it emphasizes the need for more specific psychological training to further improve stress management and recovery, optimizing sports performance within this group
Open Access
Percepciones parentales sobre la capacidad de los niños para nadar: un estudio con edades entre 6 y 10 años
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Costa, Mário J.; Santos, Catarina C; Soares, Susana; Garrido, Nuno D.; Saraiva, Helena; Costa, Aldo M; Sin departamento asociado
Parental perceptions of aquatic competence can serve as a potential indicator of how aware and involved adults are in supervising children in aquatic environments. This study aimed to compare parental perception with children's actual aquatic competence in a sample of 6-to 10-year-olds. Eighty-one children (8.52 ± 1.11 years old) enrolled in swimming lessons were evaluated on structured aquatic tasks, while their parents completed a questionnaire about their children's skills. Most children (61.7%) were able to stay afloat without foot support. Among those, 97.9% could maintain their head above water and breathe for 30 seconds, 93.6% swam 10 meters, and only 42.3% completed 25 meters using a formal swimming technique. No significant differences were found between parental perception and actual performance. The strongest effect size was observed in basic flotation ability (V = 0.800). These findings highlight the importance of regular participation in swimming lessons, accompanied by ongoing parental awareness of children’s aquatic skill development
Open Access
Las Tareas Matemáticas Inducen Fatiga Mental, Pero Tienen un Pequeño Efecto en una Habilidad Específica del Voleibol: Un Estudio Cruzado Aleatorizado con Jóvenes Jugadoras
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Costa, Yago; Eoli, Arthur; Batista, Gilmário; Sin departamento asociado
Mental fatigue is characterized by a sense of tiredness following cognitive tasks. Previous studies have shown prolonged cognitive testing, social media use, and video gaming can impair sports performance. However, the impact of mathematical tasks on the perception of mental fatigue in young athletes, as well as their effects on performance, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether mathematical tasks cause mental fatigue and affect the performance in a specific volleyball skill of young female players. A crossover and randomized experimental design was employed. The participants were fifteen young female volleyball players who performed a specific volleyball skill in two experimental conditions (mathematics and control) separated by 3 –7 days of washout. In this sense, mental fatigue level (pre and post) intervention and the performance on specific volleyball skills (between days) were measured. A statistical difference was observed in mental fatigue level only pre-post the mathematics condition. Moreover, although no statistical difference was observed between the conditions in specific volleyball skill performance, only in the control condition was the time average for completing the task below the "certainly meaningful change" threshold. In conclusion, 30 minutes of a mathematical task increases the levels of mental fatigue in young female volleyball players. Furthermore, there seems to be a reduction in volleyball-specific skills, although this requires further confirmation. Trial Registration Number: Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-8w7d8np). Registered 02 January 2025 (Retrospectively registered).
Open Access
María Teresa Anguera In Memoriam. Un faro de ciencia y humanidad
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Losada, José Luis; Sin departamento asociado
a comunidad académica despide a la Dra. María Teresa Anguera Argilaga, una mente excepcional cuya obra trascendió fronteras disciplinarias para fusionar el rigor científico con una profunda sensibilidad humana. Su partida nos deja un vacío, pero también un legado imborrable que seguirá iluminando a quienes creen en una ciencia al servicio de las personas
Open Access
La fotobiomodulación puede aumentar la tolerancia al ejercicio y la activación de los músculos del antebrazo en hombres sanos: un estudio cruzado, aleatorizado y controlado con placebo
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Zago, Julio; Santos, Francisco Valdez; Vieira, Paulo, J.C; Rondinel, Tatiana; Diefenthaeler, Fernando; Machado, Sergio; Aprigliano, Vicente; Silva, Weder Alves; Inacio, Pedro Augusto; Sá Filho, Alberto; Chiappa, Gaspar R.; Sin departamento asociado
Despite the positive effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on muscle behavior, its effects on exercise tolerance and reactive hyperemia (RH) are poorly understood. Objective: assess the acute effects of PBM with 904 and 660, nm wavelengths irradiated at the forearm flexor muscles on exercise tolerance through the analysis of RH and muscle activation. This preliminary, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed with 11 healthy participants. We randomly applied PBM 904nm, PBM 660nm, and placebo at six different points at the dominant flexor muscle area. The placebo group received the stimulation at the same points with a turned-off device. RH was assessed by measuring forearm blood flow which was calculated using the peak blood flow after the 5-min occlusion with the technique of venous occlusion plethysmography. Electromyography was assessed through surface electrodes on three flexor forearm muscles. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) were plotted at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the limit of tolerance (Tlim). PBM 660 irradiation significantly increased RH when compared to PBM 904 and placebo. Furthermore, PBM 660 and 904 increased RMS and reduced MDF when compared to placebo. PBM 660 irradiation was superior to 904 and placebo in the increase of RH but the application of both irradiations was similar in the activation of forearm muscles in healthy men. Trial registration: www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br RBR-7yspdx
Open Access
Proceso de especialización de jugadores y porteros de balonmano: ¿hay perspectiva de consenso en los discursos de los entrenadores?
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Santos, Walmir Romário; Menezes, Rafael Pombo; Sin departamento asociado
The aim of this study was to analyze the specialization process of goalkeepers and court players in handball, based on coaches’ opinions regarding the categories and the reasons considered crucial for player specialization. Seventeen coaches were interviewed, and their statements were analyzed using the Reflective Thematic Analysis method. Based on the discourses and the interaction with the Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP), from a long-term perspective, the coaches’ positions suggest that goalkeeper specialization should occur during the specialization years of the DMSP (U-14 and U-16 teams), while court player specialization should occur during the investment years (U-16 andU-18 teams). The results revealed that the particularities of positions in handball are crucial for the specialization process, which should occur after a broad and varied base of stimuli, especially related to solving problem situations arising from the dynamics of handball
Open Access
La relación entrenador-atleta-padre :adaptación y validación de la versión árabe del cuestionario PNPCAP
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Kenioua, Mouloud; Bekai, Ismail; Krine, Nawa; Sin departamento asociado
The 11-item Positive and Negative Processes in the Coach-Athlete-Parent Questionnaire (PNPCAP) is a new questionnaire that measures the dynamics of interactions between coaches, athletes, and parents, as well as its psychometric properties. However, we found that no Arabic version was used to examine the Arabic population. Cita: Kenioua, M.,Bekai, I. & Krine, N.(2025).The Coach-Athlete–Parent Relationship: Adaptationand Validation of theArabic version of the PNPCAP Questionnaire.Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte,25(2), 134-150 Thus, the study aimed to translate and validate the PNPCAP into the Arabic version using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We asked a total of 439 athletes (15.51 ±1.77) to complete the PNPCAP Arabic version using the forward-backward translation method. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the quantity of components was appropriate for the field investigation, leading to the elimination of three items with a value less than 0.40. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit with the data (CFI = 0.970, SRMR = 0.065, RMSEA = 0.044). Internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values for the overall questionnaire, were both higher than 0.70. This meant that it could be used to evaluate the relationship between the coach, athlete, and parent among Arabic youth athletes. The final Arabic PNPCAP questionnaire has two dimensions: positive and negative processes. Each dimension has four items. Other Arabic-speaking nations may have different family and sporting customs, rendering the cultural context of the study irrelevant
Open Access
Habilidades para la vida a través del deporte: evidencia de la influencia de los componentes del desarrollo positivo juvenil
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Silva, Maynara P. P; Campos, Daniele; Peixoto,Evandro M; Sin departamento asociado
The study investigated the relationship between two models of Positive Youth Development: 5C’s and skill transfer, in addition to analyzing the facilitating role of the 5C’s (competence, confidence, connection, caring and character). A total of 208 athletes participated (12-24 years; mean 19.1±2.67; 51.4% male), and a sample power analysis (G*Power, α = 0.005) ensured statistical robustness. Two analyses were performed: (1) Pearson Correlation, which revealed significant relationships (r = 0.27 to 0.60; p < 0.05); and (2) Structural Equation Modeling, indicating that competence (53%), confidence (54%), connection (62%), caring (27%) and character (45%) explained the variance in skill transfer. The integration of the models represents an advance in the application of positive development in sports, since both presented significant correlations, and the strengthening of the 5C’s is associated with an increase in the transfer of skills. The application of these models in sports programs can, therefore, favor adaptive results
Open Access
Relación entre Actividad Física, Pasión por el Deporte y Satisfacción con la Vida en Adultos Chilenos
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Pulido-Iparraguirre, Cristóbal; Marín-Gutiérrez, Mauricio; Villalobos-Manríquez, José; Sin departamento asociado
The present study investigates the relationship between physical activity, passion for sports, and life satisfaction among Chilean adults who engage in physical activity. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational explanatory design was used. A total of 306 adults (62.7% men and 36.9% women) aged between 18 and 66 years (M = 32.5) responded. A demographic questionnaire, the Passion for Sports Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale were utilized. A multiple linear regression model was analyzed to explain the variation in life satisfaction (LS) based on age, sex, physical activity (PA), harmonious passion (HP), and obsessive passion (OP). The model achieved an R² of 0.214. The main results indicate that: 1) a high frequency of PA is associated with a decrease in LS; 2) HP positively influences LS and moderates the relationship between PA and LS, acting as a positive effect modifier in this relationship; 3) OP did not significantly predict LS nor moderate the relationship between PA and LS. It is concluded that fostering HP for sports can enhance the positive impact of PA on LS
Open Access
Estrategias de presión defensiva y su impacto en el juego ofensivo en el fútbol femenino de élite
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Casal, Claudio A; Losada, José L.; de Benito,Ana María; Maneiro, Rubén; Iván-Baragaño, I.; Sin departamento asociado
Recent studies have focused on offensive behaviours in elite women's football, but the relationship between defensive actions and opposing offensive transitions remains underexplored. This study analysed how defensive pressure during dynamic transitions affects offensive patterns in the UEFA Women’s Champions League 2023/2024. Data from 13 matches involving 16 teams and 1,324 transitions were coded using the “Transfootb” observation tool, developed by two UEFA PRO coaches. The analysis, supported by high inter-and intra-observer reliability (kappaindices of 0.9 and 0.85), incorporated 13 technical-tactical and 4 contextual criteria. Main results indicate that defensive pressure leads to more direct attacks by opponents, fewer passes, reduced player involvement, shorter possessions, and diminished offensive efficiency. Multivariate analysis revealed that variables like match result, match status, game period, team location, defensive positioning, ball recovery type, attacking player involvement, and period time shaped defensive pressure strategies. The findings highlight the adaptability of teams in modifying defensive approaches based on the interplay of technical-tactical and contextual factors, as well as the influence of a team's defensive behaviour on its opponents' offensive behaviour. These insights can inform training and tactical planning to optimize both defensive and offensive phases of play in elite women’s football.
Open Access
O papel preditor da contribuição escolar e familiar no desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida no contexto de formação esportiva
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Lunardelli, Gustavo Bottega; Freire, Gabriel Lucas Morais; Fiorese, Lenamar; Nascimento Junior, José Roberto Andrade do; Costa, Nathan Leonardo Gomes; Mizoguchi, Marcus Vinicius; Arantes, Luciane Cristina; Sin departamento asociado
The objective of the present study was to analyze the predictive role of school and family contribution levels in the development of life skills in the context of sports training. 226 young people (12,94±1,72 years) who practice individual and collective sports in the city of Campo Novo do Parecis -MT participated in the research. The Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS) and the Contribution of School and Family to Adolescent Sports Training (CEFFEA) questionnaire were used as instruments. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlation and multiple linear regression tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that family and school were significantly and positively correlated with the development of life skills. In addition, the family had a significant and positive predictive role (p<0,001) in the development of teamwork (R2=13%), goal setting (R2=12%), leadership (R2=8%), communication (R2=8%) and time control (R2=4%). The school also proved to be a significant and positive predictor environment (p<0,001) in the development of time control (R2=9%) and social skills (R2=6%). It is concluded that the young participants of the study presented the possible development of personal characteristics in sport, with the contribution of school and family as predictive sources in the development of skills for life in the context of sports training
Open Access
Clima motivacional y diversión en el deporte: el papel mediador de la regulación conductual
(Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Perez Garcia, José Alberto; Morquecho-Sánchez, Raquel; Ramirez-Nava, Rúben; Monteiro, Diogo; Jacinto, Miguel; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica; Hernández-Mendo, António; Sin departamento asociado
Behavioral regulation serves as a critical explanatory mechanism in understanding how motivational climate impacts enjoyment, reinforcing the importance of fostering task-involving environments to enhance athletes’ motivation and overall sport experience, particularly in enjoyment. The aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of behavioral regulation in the relationship between motivational climate (task-involving and ego-involving) and enjoyment in sport. The study involved 294 soccer players (153 males and 141 females) aged between 15 and 19 (M= 14.55; SD= 1.71). The Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale was used to assess the motivational climate, the Sport Motivation Scale-II to assess behavioral regulation and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale to assess enjoyment. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of behavioral regulation in the relationship between motivational climate and enjoyment. The results indicated that a task-involving motivational climate is associated with higher levels of autonomous motivation (r= .681; p≤.001), which in turn is related to greater enjoyment (r= .175; p≤.001). On the other hand, an ego-involving climate is associated with non-self-determined motivation (r= .657; p≤.001) and lower enjoyment (r= -.357; p≤.001). Autonomous motivation significantly mediated the relationship between task-involving climate and enjoyment (β = .38; 95% CI= .201, .575). The study reinforces the importance of promoting task-involving motivational climates to foster autonomous motivation and increase enjoyment in athletes. Autonomous motivation seems to play a mediating role in the relationship between motivational climate and enjoyment

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