Artículos

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Open Access
A cluster analysis of high-performance female team players’ perceived motivational climate: Implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour
(2022-12-06) Abraldes Valeiras, José Arturo; Conte Marín, Luis; Manzano Sánchez, David; Gómez López, Manuel; Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, Bernardino Javier; Actividad Física y Deporte
High performance sport for females is an area which is gaining more and more relevance today, but which hasn’t received the same research interest as sport for males. The aim of the present study was to analyse the motivational climate perceived by high performance female athletes and the implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour and check the differences according category, sport experience and training hours in performance and master climate. The participants were 615 female athletes who practice top level team sports, with ages comprised of 16 to 38 (M = 22,10; SD = 4,91). The sample consisted of two different categories: junior (n = 242) and senior (n = 373). These players participated in different team sports, specifically football, handball, basketball and volleyball, training between 6 and 24 hours a week (M = 8,34; DT = 4,33). The variables measured were: perceived motivational climate in sport, autonomous behaviour and perceived motor competence. A cluster analysis was carried out using, as a variable, the perceived motivational climate, and showing the existence of two profiles, one related to ego and the other to task. The multivariate analysis showed that the profile orientated towards the task had significant differences compared to the autonomous behaviour (M = 4.66 vs M = 3.41). At the same time an analysis was carried out looking at different social demographic variables, revealing how there were differences in the sports experience (those participants with more than ten years’ experience were more orientated towards ego, compared to those with less than ten years’ experience) and the category (junior athletes were more orientated towards the task, compared to senior athletes). It was concluded that a greater orientation towards the task can lead to an improvement in the perception of motor competence, with the youngest and least experienced athletes being the most prominent in this category.
Open Access
A comprehensive analysis of the velocity-based method in the shoulder press exercise: stability of the load-velocity relationship and sticking region parameters
(Termedia Publishing, 2020-08-31) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; García Pallarés, Jesús; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Morán Navarro, Ricardo José; Courel Ibáñez, Javier; Actividad Física y Deporte
The purpose of this study was threefold: i) to analyse the load-velocity relationship of the shoulder press (SP) exercise, ii) to investigate the stability (intra-individual variability) of this load-velocity relationship for athletes with different relative strength levels, and after a 10-week velocity-based resistance training (VBT), and iii) to describe the velocity-time pattern of the SP: first peak velocity [Vmax1], minimum velocity [Vmin], and second peak velocity [Vmax2]. This study involves a cross-sectional (T1, n = 48 subjects with low, medium and high strength levels) and longitudinal (T2, n = 24 subjects randomly selected from T1 sample) design. In T1, subjects completed a progressive loading test up to the 1RM in the SP exercise. The barbell mean, peak and mean propulsive velocities (MV, PV and MPV) were monitored. In T2, subjects repeated the loading test after 10 weeks of VBT. There were very close relationships between the %1RM and velocity attained in the three velocity outcomes (T1, R2: MV = 0.970; MPV = 0.969; PV = 0.954), being even stronger at the individual level (T1, R2 = 0.973–0.997). The MPV attained at the 1RM (~0.19 m·s-1) was consistent among different strength levels. Despite the fact that 1RM increased ~17.5% after the VBT programme, average MPV along the load-velocity relationship remained unaltered between T1 and T2 (0.69 ± 0.06 vs. 0.70 ± 0.06 m·s-1). Lastly, the three key parameters of the velocity-time curve were detected from loads > 74.9% 1RM at 14.3% (Vmax1), 46.1% (Vmin), and 88.7% (Vmax2) of the concentric phase. These results may serve as a practical guideline to effectively implement the velocity-based method in the SP exercise.
Open Access
A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Four Field-Based Trunk Extension Endurance Tests
(MDPI, 2020-04-29) de Ste Croix, Mark; Vera-García, Francisco J; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Actividad Física y Deporte
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of endurance measures obtained through trunk extension field-based tests and to explore the influence of the moderators on the reliability estimates. The reliability induction rate of trunk extension endurance measures was also calculated. A systematic search was conducted using various databases, and subsequently 28 studies were selected that reported intraclass correlation coeﬃcients for trunk extension endurance measures. Separate meta-analyses were conducted using a random-eﬀects model. When possible, analyses of potential moderator variables were carried out. The inter-tester average reliability of the endurance measure obtained from the Biering-Sorensen test was intraclass correlation coeﬃcient (ICC)= 0.94. The intra-session reliability estimates of the endurance measures recorded using the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the prone double straight-leg test were ICC= 0.88, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. The inter-session average reliability of the endurance measures from the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the dynamic extensor endurance test were ICC= 0.88, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. However, due to the limited evidence available, the reliability estimates of the measures obtained through the prone isometric chest raise, prone double straight-leg, and dynamic extensor endurance tests should be considered with a degree of caution. Position control instruments, tools, and familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the inter-session reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Only the trunk extension endurance measure obtained through the Biering-Sorensen test presented suﬃcient scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for research and practical purposes.
Open Access
Accelerometry Profile of Basketball Referees during U'16 Euroasket Women
(2019) García Santos, David; García Rubio, Javier; Reina, María; Vaquera, Alejandro; Ibañez, Sergio José; Pino Ortega, José; Actividad Física y Deporte
Open Access
Accelerometry-Based External Load Indicators in Sport: Too Many Options, Same Practical Outcome?
(2019) Gómez Carmona, Carlos D.; Sánchez Ureña, Braulio; Ibañez, Sergio José; Pino Ortega, José; Actividad Física y Deporte
Open Access
Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise
(2019) Bastida Castillo, Alejandro; Gómez Carmona, Carlos David; Reche Royo, Xavier; Ibáñez, Sergio José; Pino Ortega, José; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Open Access
Acelt and player load: two variables to quantify neuromuscular load
(Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Comunidad Virtual Ciencias del Deporte, 2019) Reche-Soto, P.; Cardona, D.; Gómez-Carmona, Carlos David; Pino Ortega, José; Díaz Suárez, Arturo; Actividad Física y Deporte
Los objetivos de esta investigación son: (i) describir el comportamiento de las variables Player Load y AcelT y (ii) cuantificar la carga neuromuscular en diferentes puntos anatómicos (espalda, centro de masas, rodilla y tobillo) durante un test incremental en rampa en tapiz rodante. Veintitrés jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol varones participaron voluntariamente en este estudio (edad: 22,56±4,8 años; masa corporal: 75,5±5,5 kg; altura: 1,79±0,5 m). Ambas variables se registraron empleando 4 dispositivos inerciales WIMUPROTM. Los principales resultados indican que: (1) existe una correlación casi perfecta entre ambas variables (r=0,931), (2) los mayores valores en ambas variables se han encontrado en la rodilla (PL = 8,01±2,76; AcelT = 2,70±0,50) y el tobillo (PL = 7,85±2,27; AcelT = 2,87±0,49) y (3) existe una amplia variabilidad intersujeto. En conclusión, Player Load y AcelT son dos indicadores válidos para el análisis y cuantificación de las demandas neuromusculares.
Open Access
Adaptations in athletic performance and muscle architecture are not meaningfully conditioned by training free-weight versus machine-based exercises: Challenging a traditional assumption using the veloicity-based method
(Wiley, 2023-06-21) Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; Buendía Romero, Ángel; García Pallarés, Jesús; Martínez Cava, Alejandro; Franco López, Francisco; Actividad Física y Deporte
Open Access
Adherence to mediterranean diet related with physical fitness and physical activity in schoolchildren aged 6–13
(MDPI, 2020-02-22) López-Gil, José Francisco; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; García-Hermoso, Antonio; Yuste Lucas, Juan Luis; Actividad Física y Deporte; Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica
The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and both physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) level has been analysed in several studies. The aim of this research was to describe, compare and analyse the level of PF and PA in schoolchildren aged 6–13 in the Region of Murcia, according to adherence to the MD. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 370 schoolchildren (44.9% girls) aged 6–13 (8.7 ± 1.8) from six primary schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and teenagers (KIDMED) was used to determinate the adherence to the MD. The ALPHA-FIT Test Battery was applied for assess body composition and PF. PA level was determined using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Only 25.9% of the schoolchildren had optimal adherence to the MD. Regarding the scores of the different PF tests in MD groups, only statistically significant differences were found for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (p = 0.048) in boys. PA level showed statistically significant differences in both boys (p = 0.040) and girls (p = 0.016). A positive relationship was found between the KIDMED and PA level (p = 0.235). A higher probability of having a greater CRF (OR = 1.17; CI = 1.02–1.34) and PA level (OR = 7.84; CI = 2.84–21.60) was found in high MD group. These results suggest that an optimal adherence to the MD is associated with higher CRF and PA level in the selected schoolchildren.
Open Access
Age-related differences in flexibility in soccer players 8-19 years old
(Peer Community In, 2019-01-29) De Ste Croix, Mark; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Background. Muscle flexibility is a main component of health-related fitness and one of the basic components of fitness for the performance in some sports. Sport and health professionals require the flexibility profile of soccer to define quantitative aims in the training of flexibility. The aim of this study was to identify age-related differences in lower extremity flexibility in youth soccer players. Methods. Seventy-two young male soccer players (age: 13.0 ± 3.1 y; body mass: 50.5 ± 15.3 kg; stature 158.2 ± 16.8 cm; BMI: 19.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) completed this study. Measures of eleven passive hip (hip extension (HE), hip adduction with hip flexed 90º (HAD-HF90º), hip flexion with knee flexed (HF-KF) and extended (HF-KE), hip abduction with hip neutral (HAB) and hip flexed 90º (HAB-HF90º), hip external (HER) and internal (HIR) rotation), knee (knee flexion (KF)) and ankle dorsiflexion (ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (ADF-KF) and extended (ADF-KE)) ranges of motion (ROM) were taken. Descriptive statistics were calculated for hip, knee and ankle ROM measured separately by leg (dominant and non-dominant) and age-group (U10, U12, U14, U16 and U19). The data was analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the interaction of 11 ROM in the different players' age-group. Results. Generally, U10 and/or U12 soccer players obtain the highest mean value in almost all ROM evaluated (U10: HAD-HF [39.6º ± 4.3º], ADF-KE [32.3º ± 4.1º], HER [63.5º ± 5.6º] and HAB-HF90º [64.1º ± 7.5º); U12: HE [17.7º ± 6.2º], HAB [35.6º ± 3.0º], HIR [60.8º ± 4.7º] and KF [133.8º ± 7.1º]). Nonetheless, significant differences between the players' age-groups are just found in HAD-HF90º (p = .042; ES = .136), HAB (p = .001; ES = .252), HIR (p = .001; ES = .251), HER (p < .001; ES = .321) and HAB-HF90º (p < .001; ES = .376) ROM, showing a progressive and irregular decrease in these ROM until the U19 team. Conclusion. The findings of this study reinforce the necessity of prescribing exercises aimed at improving HAD-HF90º ROM in U16, HAB ROM in U14, HIR ROM in U16 and U19, HER ROM in U12 and U19, and HAB-HF90º ROM in U16 and U19 players within everyday soccer training routines.
Open Access
Analysis of the prediction of motivational climate in handball players’ fear of failure
(2019-01-26) Ruiz Sánchez, Victoria; Granero Gallegos, Antonio; Gómez López, Manuel; Actividad Física y Deporte
Sports can at times become a negative socializing agent for athletes. The objectives here were to analyse the relationship between motivational climates (involving coaches and peers) and fear of failure in players according to gender and sports experience, and also to control for the extent to which these motivational climates predict the different aversive causes of fear of failure. To this aim, a non-experimental, descriptive, and sectional design was used in which participants answered the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sports Questionnaire, and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. The sample included 479 handball players aged 16–17 years old (mean = 16.60; standard deviation = 0.50) who were playing in Spanish regional youth category handball teams. The results revealed that the task-involving training climate predominates in both genders over the ego-involving training climate, particularly in girls and in less experienced players. The peer ego-involving climate also predominates with respect to the peer task-involving climate in both genders, but this is particularly so for boys and in more experienced players. Furthermore, except for fear of feeling shame, which was predicted by the peer ego-involving climate, all the aversive causes of fear of failure are predicted mainly by the coach climate. The immediate environment was proved to be determinant in avoidance behaviours and fear of failure.
Open Access
Analysis of the Satisfaction Level and Game Preferences at Initial Categories in Volleyball and Beach Volleyball Players
(Universidad de Extremadura, 2022-02-28) García de Alcaraz, Antonio; Hernández Hernández, Elena; Palao, José M.; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Actividad Física y Deporte
Many strategies are used to introduce athletes in sport. The aim of this study was to analyse the satisfaction level and game preferences of volleyball and beach volleyball players at initial categories, regarding: (a) the execution and performance of the game actions, and (b) carrying out training tasks according to their structure and number of players. Methods: A total of 752 questionnaires were analyzed from the players who participated in Spanish tournaments of volleyball (n=492) and beach volleyball (n=260) in 2015. The variables were the satisfaction level in the execution of game actions (serve, reception, set, attack, block and dig) and training tasks, measured in a scale of 0-10 points. The age categories were: U14, U16, U19, and U21. The Mann-Whitney’s U test (p<.05) was used to determine the differences between categories. Results: A preference for attack actions in the first stages of both volleyball and beach volleyball, especially in the male category was found. Similarly, a greater satisfaction level was observed in the competition-like training tasks. Conclusions: This information allows developing teaching proposals for initial stages in volleyball and beach volleyball, attending to the preferences of the athletes according to their age category. ---------------------------------
Open Access
Applying the new teaching methodologies in youth football players: toward a healthier sport
(Frontiers Media, 2019-02-13) García-Angulo, Antonio; García Angulo, Francisco Javier; Torres-Luque, Gema; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Actividad Física y Deporte
At early ages (6–12 years), the levels of physical activity developed in sports initiation and Physical Education often fall short of optimal levels. Ecological models of education seek, among other things, to make up for this deficit by modifying the structural elements of sport, bringing play closer to the child’s developmental characteristics. In this sense, Nonlinear Pedagogy is a model of active pedagogy that seeks the integral development of young players through a sport more in line with their abilities, and that for this is based on a system of constraints on the environment, the task and the player himself. However, there are no studies that analyze the effects of these methodologies on the parameters of physical activity at such an early age. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of a learning methodology based on Nonlinear Pedagogy on health-related levels of physical activity (heart rate) in young football players (U-11). A quasi-experimental study was developed in which three tasks were applied using structural modifications of the football elements related to Nonlinear Pedagogy (modification of the number of players related to situations of inferiority, equality and numerical superiority; dimensions of the field of play). The sample studied was composed of football players, U-11 n = 32), age: 10.35 0.54 years; years of experience: 2.14 0.768 years. The players carried out each task for 10 min. Physical activity levels were measured by controlling heart rate using heart rate monitors (Polar Team2). The results showed very high levels of vigorous and very vigorous physical activity in all the tasks designed. These data show that the use of these new teaching methodologies has an impact on levels of physical activity in accordance with the recommended parameters.
Open Access
Are we ready to measure running power? Repeatability and concurrent validity of five commercial technologies
(Wiley, 2021-03) Cerezuela Espejo, Víctor; Hernández Belmonte, Alejandro; Courel Ibáñez, Javier; Conesa Ros, Elena; Mora Rodríguez, Ricardo; García Pallarés, Jesús; Actividad Física y Deporte
Training prescription in running activities have benefited from power output (PW) data obtained by new technologies. Nevertheless, to date, the suitability of PW data provided by these tools is still uncertain. The present study aimed to: (i) analyze the repeatability of five commercially available technologies for running PW estimation, and (ii) examine the concurrent validity through the relationship between each technology PW and oxygen uptake (VO2). On two occasions (test-retest), twelve endurance-trained male athletes performed on a treadmill (indoor) and an athletic track (outdoor) three submaximal running protocols with manipulations in speed, body weight and slope. PW was simultaneously registered by the commercial technologies StrydApp, StrydWatch, RunScribe, GarminRP and PolarV, while VO2 was monitored by a metabolic cart. Test-retest data from the environments (indoor and outdoor) and conditions (speed, body weight and slope) were used for repeatability analysis, which included the standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A linear regression analysis and the standard error of estimate (SEE) were used to examine the relationship between PW and VO2. Stryd device was found as the most repeatable technology for all environments and conditions (SEM ≤ 12.5 W, CV ≤ 4.3%, ICC ≥ 0.980), besides the best concurrent validity to the VO2 (r ≥ 0.911, SEE ≤ 7.3%). On the contrary, although the PolarV, GarminRP and RunScribe technologies maintain a certain relationship with VO2, their low repeatability questions their suitability. The Stryd can be considered as the most recommended tool, among the analyzed, for PW measurement.
Open Access
Back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in 12 to 17 years old adolescents
(MDPI, 2019-09-25) Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Knowledge on back care is important to prevent back problems. The purpose of this study was to a) describe back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in adolescents and b) determine the association between these two factors. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 276 students (aged from 12 to 17 years old), from three Spanish public secondary schools, had to complete a survey about back pain and another one about their knowledge on back care related to physical activity. The results showed a mean score of 2.54 ±1.85 (out of 10), and 90.58% of students failed the knowledge test. Those who suﬀered from back pain in the week before scored higher (2.91 ±1.66) than non-suﬀerers (2.42 ±1.90), with statistically significant diﬀerences (Z=−2.109; p= 0.035; r= 0.127), although with no academically relevant diﬀerences. Finally, despite the relationship between a higher mean score in the knowledge test and back pain within the previous week, it has been found that there was not a significant association because most of the students got very low scores in the knowledge test. It also shows an important lack of knowledge about physical activity for back care in adolescents.
Open Access
Body composition, aerobic capacity and heart rate of 10-14 years old soccer players
(Asociacion Didactica Andalucia, 2020-05-01) Borrego Balsalobre, Francisco José; López Nicolás, José Manuel; López Sánchez, Guillermo Felipe; Díaz Suárez, Arturo; Smith, Lee; Actividad Física y Deporte
The aim of the present study was to analyse body composition (BC), aerobic capacity (AC) and heart rate (HR) of young footballers. 139 players of Real Murcia F.C. participated, aged 10 to 14 years (average age 11.82 ± 1.32, average height 1.53 ± 0.11 m., average weight 43.89 ± 10.01 kg). The variables measured were BC (Tanita BC 418-MA), AC (Course Navette Test 20m) and HR at rest and after exercise (finger pulse oximeter OXYM2001). Significant differences by age were observed; older players had greater skeletal muscle mass and greater aerobic capacity than younger players. The players analyzed had lower fat mass, higher skeletal muscle mass and higher aerobic capacity than subjects of the same age that did not practice football.
Open Access
Changes in markers of oxidative stress andα-Amylase in saliva of children associated with a tennis competition
(MDPI, 2020-08-28) Giménez Egido, José María; Hernández García, Raquel; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Torres Luque, Gema; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Actividad Física y Deporte
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes caused by a one-day tennis tournament in biomarkers of oxidative stress and α-amylase in saliva in children. The sample was 20 male active children with the following characteristics: (a) age of players = 9.46 ± 0.66 years; (b) weight = 34.8 ± 6.5 kg; (c) height = 136.0 ± 7.9 cm; (d) mean weekly training tennis = 2.9 ± 1.0 h. The tennis competition ran for one day, with four matches for each player. Data were taken from the average duration per match and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Four biomarkers of antioxidant status: uric acid (AU), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a biomarker of psychological stress were measured in saliva. The time points were baseline (at home before the tournament), pre-competition (immediately before the first match) and post-match (after each match) measurements. The four biomarkers of antioxidant status showed a similar dynamic with lower values at baseline and a progressive increase during the four matches. Overall one-day tennis competition in children showed a tendency to increase antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. In addition, there was an increase in pre-competition sAA possibly associated with psychological stress. Further studies about the possible physiological implications of these findings should be performed in the future.
Open Access
Circadian rhythm effects on muscle strength and power: a review.
(2015-06-16) Hernández Ruiz, Álvaro; Actividad Física y Deporte
Different physiological and psychological functions which are subject to change in relation to the 24-hour solar cycle. These variations are known as circadian rhythms and produce maximum peaks (acrophase) and minimum (batiphase) on motor function depending on the time-of-day. It is shown that many components related to athletic performance possess these circadian rhythms, so that, the aim of this review is to update the knowledge of how the circadian rhythm affects on muscle strength and power in short duration exercises. A review of the literature revealed 20 items neuromuscular performance measured at different times of the day. In order to compare the effects that different times-of-day have had on neuromuscular performance it has been calculated descriptive statistics of the percent change and the size of the effect on the dependent variable studied, which have been reflected in a results table. Generally speaking, the main conclusions of this review have been that, i) neuromuscular performance in exercises of short duration is maximized evening hours regarding morning; ii) not all types of exercise (isometric, isokinetic and isoinertial) and all the muscle groups are more neuromuscular performance at the same time of day; iii) the increase in body temperature (both active heating as passive heating) and / or intake of certain ergogenic aids can offset the impact of circadian rhythms on sports performance in A.M.; iv) the circadian rhythm on neuromuscular performance in women does not seem so obvious; v) the circadian rhythm in blind neuromuscular performance is free running.
Open Access
Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme
(MDPI, 2020-04-04) Collazo Diéguez, Mónica; Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
The sagittal spinal morphology presents 4 physiological curvatures that increase endurance to axial compression forces and allow adequate postural balance. These curves must remain within normal ranges to achieve a static and dynamic balance, a correct functioning of the muscles and an adequate distribution of the loads, and thus minimize the injury risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize the sagittal spinal alignment according to the different morphotypes obtained for each curve in standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending positions in schoolchildren. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures were assessed in 731 students from 16 elementary schools. In the sagittal standing position assessment, 70.45% and 89.06% of schoolchildren presented a “normal” morphotype for both dorsal and lumbar curves, respectively. After the application of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” protocol according to the morphotypes obtained in the three positions assessment (standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending), it was observed how the frequency of normal morphotypes for the dorsal and lumbar curve decreased considerably (only 32% and 6.6% of children obtained a “normal sagittal integral morphotype” for the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, respectively). These results show how it is necessary to include the slump sitting and trunk forward bending assessment as part of the protocol to define the “integral” sagittal alignment of the spine and establish a correct diagnosis. The use of the diagnostic classification presented in this study will allow early detection of misalignment not identified with the assessment of standing position.
Open Access
Comparación metodología tradicional y comprensiva en la práctica del baloncesto
(2013) Moreno Murcia, Juan Antonio; Conte Marín, Luis; Actividad Física y Deporte