Empagliflozin protected kidney function in CKD rat through suppressing hypoxic and fibrotic signalings mediated inflammation and EMT

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dc.contributor.authorJui-Ning Yeh
dc.contributor.authorTsuen-Wei Hsu
dc.contributor.authorJohn Y. Chiang
dc.contributor.authorBen-Chung Cheng
dc.contributor.authorPei-Hsun Sung
dc.contributor.authorShun-Cheng
dc.contributor.authorChi-Ruei Huang
dc.contributor.authorPei-Lin Shao
dc.contributor.authorHon-Kan Yip
dc.contributor.authorChih-Chao Yang
dc.contributor.departmentBiología Celular e Histología
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-08T10:05:47Z
dc.date.available2026-01-08T10:05:47Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractBackground. This study tested the hypothesis that PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling play essential roles in mediating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis, resulting in the deterioration of renal function and parenchyma in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats, which is reversed by early empagliflozin treatment. Methods and results. NRK-52E cells were divided into the A1 (NRK-52E), A2 (NRK-52E + 200 μM p-Cresol), A3 (NRK-52E + 200 μM p-Cresol + 50 μM empagliflozin), B1 (NRK-52E), B2 (NRK-52E + 5 ng/mL TGF-β1) and B3 (NRK-52E + 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 + 50 μM empagliflozin) groups. Compared with those in the A1 group, the expression levels of proteins related to the EMT (TGF-β1/p-Smad2/p-Smad3/α-SMA), extracellular matrix (MMP2/9) and EMT (IGF-1) activators were significantly higher in the A2 group, but these changes were significantly reversed in the A3 group, whereas the protein expression levels of antifibrotic markers (TIMP1/TIMP2) exhibited the opposite pattern to the EMT-related proteins among the groups (all p<0.001). The expression of these proteins, along with the other EMT markers (snail, fibronectin, and vimentin) related to cellular function/protein expression, also exhibited an identical pattern to the A1 to A3 groups among Groups B1 to B3 (all p<0.001). Adult male SD rats were categorized into Groups 1 (sham-operated control), 2 (CKD) and 3 (CKD + empagliflozin). On Day 56 after CKD induction, the renal artery resistive index (RARI) was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 and significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (all p<0.0001). The expression of EMT (Snail/α-SMA/ fibronectin/vimentin/TGF-β1/p-Smad2/3), apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3/cleaved-PARP), inflammatory (HIF-1α/IL-1β/TNF-α/MPO/MMP-2/MMP-9), and cell stress signaling (p-PI3K/p-Akt/GSK-3β) proteins and the cellular kidney injury score, expression of fibrosis and EMT markers (Snail/vimentin)/glomerular-hyper-cellularity/fibrocellular crescent formation displayed an identical pattern, whereas the cellular expression of podocyte components (podocin/synaptopodin/ZO-1) displayed the opposite pattern to the RARIs among the groups (all p<0.0001). Conclusions. Empagliflozin protected kidney function and architecture mainly by suppressing fibrosis, cellular oxidative stress signaling, the EMT and inflammation.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent19
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-953
dc.identifier.eissn1699-5848
dc.identifier.issn0213-3911
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/184590
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherUniversidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia
dc.relationSin financiacion externa a la Universidad
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectEpithelial-mesenchymal transition
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectCell stress/ fibrosis signaling
dc.subjectSGLT-2 inhibitor
dc.subjectChronic kidney disease
dc.subject.odsNo relacionado con ningún objetivo de desarrollo sostenible
dc.titleEmpagliflozin protected kidney function in CKD rat through suppressing hypoxic and fibrotic signalings mediated inflammation and EMT
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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Histology and histopathology, Vol.41, Nº2, (2026)