Publication:
Roots of resilience: Assessing child and adolescent nature connectivity in the Mediterranean Region of Murcia (Spain)

dc.contributor.advisorOrtega García, Juan Antonio
dc.contributor.authorOrtega García, Juan Antonio
dc.contributor.authorFrancisco Díaz Martínez
dc.contributor.authorLaura Teresa Cabrera Rivera
dc.contributor.authorCarmen Alicia Cánovas Conesa
dc.contributor.authorRebeca Ramis
dc.contributor.authorLuz Claudio
dc.contributor.departmentCirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
dc.contributor.editorJuan Antonio Ortega García
dc.contributor.otherFacultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-13T11:21:05Z
dc.date.available2026-04-13T11:21:05Z
dc.date.copyright© 2026 The Author(s). People and Nature published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society
dc.date.issued2026-01-05
dc.descriptionAll authors thank the Global Alliance for Rewilding Child and Adolescent Health, Spanish Association of Pediatrics and “Ecologia y Salud” Association (ES-622038) for creating andproviding technological support for the questionnaire used in the study
dc.description.abstractChildren today spend less time outdoors than previous generations, with potential consequences for health, learning and pro-environmental attitudes. We assessed children's connection with and exposure to nature in a Mediterranean setting using the Nature Connection and Experience Index (NCEI), a composite measure that integrates an affective–cognitive connection-to-nature module with indicators of everyday nature experiences. A school-based cross-sectional survey (4 March–4 April 2022) was conducted in 50 randomly selected public schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The questionnaire (26 items) was completed by 3395 pupils aged 7–17 years (overall response 67.2%). Psychometric checks supported the CN block. Only about one in four pupils reported daily or near-daily contact with nature across the year; approximately three in four met criteria for Nature Experience Deficit (<1 h/day, annual measure). NCEI scores declined with age and were higher in girls than boys. Lower scores were observed in more urban and socio-economically unequal municipalities, whereas participation in outdoor lessons was positively associated with NCEI. These findings point to a substantial nature-experience gap in childhood and adolescence. Embedding regular outdoor learning into timetables and improving access to nearby green and blue spaces—particularly in urban and disadvantaged areas—could strengthen children's everyday relationship with nature, with co-benefits for health, learning and sustainability. The NCEI offers a practical tool for monitoring and programme design in schools.
dc.description.abstractEn la actualidad, los niños y adolescentes pasan menos tiempo en contacto con la naturaleza que generaciones anteriores, con posibles consecuencias para la salud, el aprendizaje y las actitudes proambientales. Este estudio analizó la conexión y la exposición a la naturaleza en población infantil y adolescente en un contexto mediterráneo utilizando el Índice de Conexión y Experiencia con la Naturaleza (NCEI), una medida compuesta que integra una dimensión afectivo-cognitiva de conexión con la naturaleza y un módulo de experiencias cotidianas en entornos naturales. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal escolar (marzo–abril de 2022) en 50 centros públicos seleccionados aleatoriamente de la Región de Murcia (España). El cuestionario, compuesto por 26 ítems, fue cumplimentado por 3.395 escolares de 7 a 17 años. Los análisis psicométricos confirmaron una adecuada consistencia interna del bloque de conexión con la naturaleza. Solo uno de cada cuatro participantes refirió contacto diario o casi diario con la naturaleza, y aproximadamente tres de cada cuatro cumplían criterios de déficit de experiencia con la naturaleza (NED). Las puntuaciones del NCEI disminuyeron con la edad y fueron mayores en las niñas. Se observaron valores más bajos en municipios más urbanizados y con mayor desigualdad socioeconómica, mientras que la participación en clases al aire libre se asoció positivamente con el NCEI. Estos resultados evidencian una brecha relevante en la experiencia cotidiana con la naturaleza durante la infancia y la adolescencia en un contexto mediterráneo. La integración sistemática del aprendizaje al aire libre y la mejora del acceso equitativo a espacios verdes y azules, especialmente en áreas urbanas y desfavorecidas, podrían fortalecer la relación diaria de los menores con la naturaleza. El NCEI se presenta como una herramienta útil para el seguimiento y la planificación de programas escolares.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent14
dc.identifier.citationOrtega-García, J. A., Díaz-Martínez, F., Cabrera-Rivera, L. T., Cánovas-Conesa, C. A., Codina, E., Ramis, R., & Claudio, L. (2026). Roots of resilience: Assessing child and adolescent nature connectivity in the Mediterranean Region of Murcia (Spain). People and Nature, 8, 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.70240
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/pan3.70240
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/225321
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationEnvironmental Health Profile for Children in the Murcia Region Project of the IMIB-Pascual Parrilla funded by Sociedad Pediatria Sureste of Spain (SPSE.ES) (FFIS-DF-2022-36). Dr. Luz Claudio's work in this project was supported by grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health T37MD001452, D43TW011403 and R01MD020109. Dr. Laura Cabrera was supported by NIH grants R25HL108857 and T37MD001452. And finally, to the ‘Healthy Ecosystems, Healthy Neurodevelopment project’ IMIB-‘Pascual Parrilla’ (8437 ID) funded by National Drugs Plan of the Spanish Ministry of Health.
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pan3.70240
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectAdolescence
dc.subjectChildhood
dc.subjectEnvironmental education
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectNature connection
dc.subjectNature
dc.subjectExperiences
dc.subjectOutdoor learning
dc.subjectUrbanicity
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 4: Educación
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 13: Cambio climático
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 15: Bosques, desertificación y diversidad biológica
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 3: Salud
dc.titleRoots of resilience: Assessing child and adolescent nature connectivity in the Mediterranean Region of Murcia (Spain)
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublicationes
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