Publication: Los impactos del cambio climático sobre las comunidades campesinas y agricultores tradicionales y sus repuestas adaptativas
Authors
Altieri, Miguel A. ; Nicholls, Clara I.
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Publisher
Servicio de Publicaciones - Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La mayoría de los modelos de cambio climático predicen que los daños serán compartidos
de manera desigual por agricultores pequeños del tercer mundo, y particularmente por aquellos
que dependen de las lluvias. El incremento en temperatura, sequía, precipitaciones fuertes, etc.;
podrían reducir la productividad hasta en un 50% en algunas regiones, especialmente en zonas
secas. Algunos investigadores predicen que en la medida que el cambio climático reduzca los
rendimientos, los efectos sobre el bienestar de las familias dedicadas a la agricultura de subsistencia
pueden ser muy severos, especialmente si el componente de productividad es reducido.
Los modelos existentes proporcionan en el mejor de los casos una aproximación somera a los
efectos esperados y ocultan la enorme variabilidad en estrategias internas de adaptación que exhiben
muchos agricultores. Muchas de las comunidades rurales dominadas por agricultura tradicional,
parecen arreglárselas pese fluctuaciones extremas del clima. De hecho muchos agricultores se
adaptan e incluso se preparan para el cambio climático, minimizando las perdidas en las cosechas
mediante el incremento en el uso de variedades locales tolerantes a la sequía, cosecha de agua,
policultivos, agroforestería, colecta de plantas silvestres y una serie de otras técnicas. Dado esto, se
hace necesario reevaluar la tecnología indígena como fuente clave de información en estrategias
adaptativas centradas en las capacidades selectivas, experimentales y resilientes de agricultores al
enfrentar el cambio climático. Entender los rasgos agroecológicos y mecanismos de adaptación y
resiliencia de los sistemas pequeños de agricultura es esencial para diseñar una estrategia de desarrollo
de agroecosistemas sostenibles en esta nueva era de variabilidad climática.
Abstract: Most models predict that small farmers will disproportionatelly share the negative effects of climate change, partuclarly those living in rainfed areas. Increases in temperature, drougths, hurricanes, etc could reduce productivity up to 50% in certain regions. Many researchers assert that while climate change reduces yields, the effects on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers could be severe. Existing models however provide a mere approximation of the expected effects and in most cases hide the enormous variability in the adaptive responses exhicited by hundreds of rural communities throughout the Third World. Many traditional communities seem to cope and even adapt to extreme weather fluctuactions. In fact many farmers even prepare to changing climate conditions minimizing yield reductions through the use of tolerant local varieties, polycultures, agroforestry systems, water harvesting, organic soil fertilization, and a variety of otehr techniques. Given this, it is imperative to re-evaluate indigenous knowledge and technologies as a key source of information of adaptive strategies centered on the experimental and innovative capacities of small farmers when confronting climate change. Understanding the agroecological adaptive and resilient mechanisms of small farmers is vital to design new agroecosystems in an era of climate change.
Abstract: Most models predict that small farmers will disproportionatelly share the negative effects of climate change, partuclarly those living in rainfed areas. Increases in temperature, drougths, hurricanes, etc could reduce productivity up to 50% in certain regions. Many researchers assert that while climate change reduces yields, the effects on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers could be severe. Existing models however provide a mere approximation of the expected effects and in most cases hide the enormous variability in the adaptive responses exhicited by hundreds of rural communities throughout the Third World. Many traditional communities seem to cope and even adapt to extreme weather fluctuactions. In fact many farmers even prepare to changing climate conditions minimizing yield reductions through the use of tolerant local varieties, polycultures, agroforestry systems, water harvesting, organic soil fertilization, and a variety of otehr techniques. Given this, it is imperative to re-evaluate indigenous knowledge and technologies as a key source of information of adaptive strategies centered on the experimental and innovative capacities of small farmers when confronting climate change. Understanding the agroecological adaptive and resilient mechanisms of small farmers is vital to design new agroecosystems in an era of climate change.
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