Publication: Morphometric study of placental and umbilical cord vascularization in pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies
Authors
Álvarez Martín, Úrsula
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Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
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Romar Andrés, Raquel ; Párraga Ros, Ester
Publisher
Universidad de Murcia Facultad de Veterinaria
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Description
Abstract
El uso de las técnicas de reproducción asistida (ARTs) es beneficioso para la producción animal. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre el uso de estas técnicas en diversas especies muestran la aparición de anomalías en la placenta y en el cordón umbilical que puede estar relacionadas con la vascularización de embriones producidos in-vitro (IVP). De hecho, se sabe que el funcionamiento placentario y umbilical afecta al crecimiento fetal y el peso de las crías tanto en animales como en humanos, pero sus efectos a largo plazo son aún desconocidos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la morfometría vascular placentaria y umbilical de embriones porcinos producidos in-vivo por inseminación artificial (AI) e in-vitro añadiendo (RF-IVP) o no (C-IVP) fluidos reproductivos al medio de cultivo; y estudiar la relación entre los parámetros vasculares y la ganancia media diaria de los cerdos durante su crecimiento. Las muestras de placenta y cordón umbilical se recogieron después del nacimiento y fueron fijadas en formaldehído al 10 % para su inclusión en parafina. Se cortaron secciones histológicas de 5 μm de grosor que fueron teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina y fotografiadas a 5x para el análisis vascular y morfométrico con ImageJ® y Slide Viewer®. Los resultados de la morfometría vascular placentaria fueron similares entre los tres grupos. Sin embargo, el área vascular en los vasos de pequeño calibre (arteriolas-vénulas y vasos pequeños) fue significativamente más alto en el grupo C-IVP respecto de los otros dos grupos. En cuanto al cordón umbilical, el área (AI 43.1±12.8, IVP 56.6±14.9 mm2), perímetro (AI 26.4±3.9, IVP 30.5±4.7 mm), diámetro (AI 8.4±1.0, IVP 10.3±1.9 mm) y gelatina de Wharton (AI 36.9±12.0, IVP 48.9±12.8 mm2) fueron significativamente más altos en los embriones producidos in-vitro, mientras que los parámetros morfométricos arterial y venoso fueron similares entre los grupos (AI: 1.97±0.4 y 4.4±1.4 mm2, IVP: 2.5±0.6 y 5.6±3.0 mm2). Estos hallazgos demuestran que el crecimiento de los cerdos puede estar relacionado con el desarrollo vascular de la placenta y del cordón umbilical, donde el aporte de fluidos reproductivos en las IVP mejora los resultados asemejándose a aquellos in-vivo.
Animals born from in-vitro produced (IVP) embryos show abnormalities in the placenta and umbilical cord that may be related to the vascularization. Moreover, placental, and umbilical functions are known to affect fetal growth and pup weight both in animals and humans, but their long-term effects are still unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze the placental and umbilical vascular morphometry in pigs (n=19) born by means of artificial insemination (AI group) and after transfer of IVP embryos cultured in presence (RF-IVP group) or absence (C-IVP group) of reproductive fluids in order to assess the relationship between vascular parameters and the average daily gain from birth to 3.5 years age. Placenta and umbilical cord samples were collected after birth and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for paraffin embedding. Histological sections of 5 μm thickness were cut, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and photographed at 5x for vascular and morphometric analysis with ImageJ® and Slide Viewer®. Placental vascular morphometry was similar among groups, but the vascular area of small vessels (arterioles-venules and small vessels) was higher in the C-IVP group. Regarding the umbilical cord, the area (AI 43.1±12.8, IVP 56.6±14.9 mm2), perimeter (AI 26.4±3.9, IVP 30.5±4.7 mm2), diameter (AI 8.4±1.0, IVP 10.3±1.9 mm2) and Wharton's gelatin area (AI 36.9±12.0, IVP 48.9±12.8 mm2) were significantly higher in IVP-derived than AI-derived animals, whereas arterial and venous morphometric data were similar between groups (AI: 1.97±0.4 y 4.4±1.4 mm2, IVP: 2.5±0.6 y 5.6±3.0 mm2). Several placental vascular and morphometric parameters were correlated with growth of animals from birth up to 3.5 years age. In conclusion, long-term growth of IVP-produced animals seems to be related to placental and umbilical cord vascular development where the provision of reproductive fluids in IVP improves results resembling those in-vivo.
Animals born from in-vitro produced (IVP) embryos show abnormalities in the placenta and umbilical cord that may be related to the vascularization. Moreover, placental, and umbilical functions are known to affect fetal growth and pup weight both in animals and humans, but their long-term effects are still unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze the placental and umbilical vascular morphometry in pigs (n=19) born by means of artificial insemination (AI group) and after transfer of IVP embryos cultured in presence (RF-IVP group) or absence (C-IVP group) of reproductive fluids in order to assess the relationship between vascular parameters and the average daily gain from birth to 3.5 years age. Placenta and umbilical cord samples were collected after birth and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for paraffin embedding. Histological sections of 5 μm thickness were cut, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and photographed at 5x for vascular and morphometric analysis with ImageJ® and Slide Viewer®. Placental vascular morphometry was similar among groups, but the vascular area of small vessels (arterioles-venules and small vessels) was higher in the C-IVP group. Regarding the umbilical cord, the area (AI 43.1±12.8, IVP 56.6±14.9 mm2), perimeter (AI 26.4±3.9, IVP 30.5±4.7 mm2), diameter (AI 8.4±1.0, IVP 10.3±1.9 mm2) and Wharton's gelatin area (AI 36.9±12.0, IVP 48.9±12.8 mm2) were significantly higher in IVP-derived than AI-derived animals, whereas arterial and venous morphometric data were similar between groups (AI: 1.97±0.4 y 4.4±1.4 mm2, IVP: 2.5±0.6 y 5.6±3.0 mm2). Several placental vascular and morphometric parameters were correlated with growth of animals from birth up to 3.5 years age. In conclusion, long-term growth of IVP-produced animals seems to be related to placental and umbilical cord vascular development where the provision of reproductive fluids in IVP improves results resembling those in-vivo.
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