Publication: Use of adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a biomarker for lameness and growth speed in pigs
Authors
Ramirez, Lisette ; Romar, Raquel ; Canovas, Sebastian ; Ortin, Alba ; Coy, Pilar ; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon
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Publisher
Springer Nature
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-022-00923-3
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info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
Description
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA) is an enzyme considered a biomarker of the immune system, which is found in serum, saliva, and lymphoid tissue. A direct relationship between ADA in saliva and the immune status of the animal has been shown, but there are few studies on the use of ADA as a biomarker for growth rate or lameness. Here, a colony of pigs (N=27, 22 females and 5 males, Large-White x Landrace living in semi-free conditions in a sanctuary located at the Teaching Farm of the University of Murcia (Spain) was used. From birth to the present, their individualized growth curves were recorded. At 3.5-year age, saliva samples were taken to detect ADA, and the animals suffering from lameness, one of the most frequent pathologies in the pig sector, were identified. ADA measurement was performed using a commercial automated spectrophotometric assay (Diazyme Laboratories, Poway, CA, USA) adapted to the Olympus AU600 analyzer, a validated method for pig saliva. Statistical analysis was performed in ``R´´ version 4.0.3 (R Core Team 2020). The variables used for the analysis were ADA2 values in saliva and presence/absence of lameness at the age of 3.5 years, and average daily weight gain (ADG) () at different age points. Spearman's correlation coefficient (s) was used to measure the correlations between the variables. The results showed a negative correlation (s=-0.4) between ADA values and ADG in the period between days 45 and 90. These ADA values could indicate a greater predisposition to diseases in animals with low ADG at that time due to a worse immune status. No correlation with the ADA values was found for the incidence of lameness (s=-0.19). However, a strong relationship was observed between ADG in 90-135 days and the incidence of lameness at 4 years of age (s=0.52). Likewise, positive correlations were observed between ADG at 0-45 days (s=0.45), 45-135 (s=0.46) and 0-135 days (s=0.47) and the incidence of lameness at 4 years. These data indicate that rapid growth rate during the first 6 months of life predisposes animals to lameness in adulthood.
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