Publication: Peripheral chemoreceptors, postnatal development and cytochemical findings in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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Date
2008
Authors
Porzionato, Andrea ; Macchi, Verónica ; Parenti, Anna ; Matturri, Luigi ; De Caro, Raffaelle
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to give a
review of the postnatal development of peripheral
chemoreceptors - carotid body, paraganglia, and
pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) - with
implications in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
In the postnatal period, the hypoxic chemosensitivity of
the carotid body gradually develops. Changes include
proliferation of type I and II cells, increased numbers of
dense core vesicles and K+ channels, and modifications
of neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and receptor
expression. Chromaffin paraganglia show increased
expression of nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptides,
and increased innervation. Innervation of PNEC
develops fully only in the first postnatal period, after
which their density falls. The neuropeptides produced by
PNEC also changes, with increased expression of
calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide YY and
reduced expression of calcitonin and gastrin-releasing
peptide.
Most of the findings in the carotid body of SIDS
victims, i.e., decrease in type I cells and dense
cytoplasmic granules, and increase in progenitor cells,
indicates immaturity of the carotid body, which may
play a role in SIDS in the form of underlying biologic
vulnerability. Aorticopulmonary paraganglia hyperplasia
and increase of PNEC are also found in SIDS, and may
be epiphenomena of alterations of the respiratory
function with a pathogenetical role in SIDS. A
comprehensive view of the pathogenesis of SIDS should
also arise from the integration of peripheral
chemoreceptors findings with neuro- and
cardiopathologic ones.
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