Publication: Review of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects
Authors
Kuroda, Naoto ; Toi, M. ; Hiroi, Makoto ; Enzan, H.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of chromophobe
renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been established.
Chromophobe RCCs account for about 4-6% of all renal
tumors. Macroscopically, the cut surface of the tumor is
generally grey-beige in color. Histologically, there are
two variants (typical and eosinophilic). In the typical
variant, large tumor cells with architecture of a compact
tubulo-cystic pattern proliferate. The cytoplasm is
abundant and shows a fine reticular translucent pattern.
The cell border is thick, prominent and eosinophilic. In
the eosinophilic variant, tumor cells are smaller and
markedly eosinophilic, and a perinuclear halo is often
seen. Histochemically, the tumor cells generally show a
diffuse and strong reaction for Hale's colloidal iron
staining. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contain many
cytoplasmic microvesicles (150-300 nm). In
chromosomal analysis, a low chromosome number is
characteristic of chromophobe RCCs, due to the frequent
occurrence of a combined loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 6,
10, 13, 17, and 21. In differential diagnosis, histological
distinction from oncocytomas, which share a common
phenotype (intercalated cells of the collecting duct
system), is most important. In this diagnostic setting,
recent studies have given rise to several problems.
Firstly, some cases of coexistent chromophobe RCC and
oncocytoma (so-called renal oncocytosis) or cases of
oncocytoma with metastasis have recently been reported.
Secondly, the existence of chromophobe adenoma, which is the benign counterpart of chromophobe RCC,
and an oncocytic variant of chromophobe RCC has
recently been suggested. Therefore, further studies are
needed to elucidate the relationship between
chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas, to confirm
whether chromophobe adenoma actually exists or not,
and to identify the key gene that causes chromophobe
RCCs.
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