Publication: Monocarboxylate transporters, Past, present, and future
Authors
Merezhinskaya, Natalya ; Fishbein, William N.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
We review here the 14 members of the
Monocarboxylate transporter family (MCTs), their
relationship based on sequence homology. The range of
substrates transported by different members of this
family extends from the standard monocarboxylate
metabolites, lactic and pyruvic acids, to aromatic amino
acids and thyroid hormones. The family is denoted
Solute Carrier Family 16, or SLC16, among 43 SLC
families constituting more than 300 members,
which are annotated regularly at the website
http://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/intro.htm. MCTs
classically transport metabolites across plasma
membranes with direction controlled by proton and
metabolite concentrations independently of energy input,
but they may also function in subcellular membranes.
Their regulation may be complex, and they are
implicated in leukocyte-mediated immunity, hypoxia
induced cellular responses, and partitioning of the
energy supply in several tissues. We focus here on
histologic evidence (involving human tissue where
available) and the first four ‘classical’ members; but we
do annotate all 14, and note several candidate or proven
genetic diseases that have arisen from MCT mutations.
The review progresses through the following sections:
(1) MCT1-4: genetics, kinetics, and modulation; (2)
Chaperonins and targeting cofactors; (3) Tissue
distribution of MCTs; (4) Intercellular lactate/pyruvate
shuttles; (5) Transcriptional and translational regulation
of MCTs; (6) Properties of other MCTs; and (7)
Subcellular localization of MCTs and some future
considerations. Along the way we posit questions or suggestions for future research.
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