Publication: Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in aging and disease.
Authors
Esquiva, Gema ; Hannibal, Jens
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-138
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells
(mRGCs) constitute a system in the mammalian retina
used for irradiance detection, regulating non-image
forming functions, such as photoentrainment of
circadian rhythms, control of the pupillary light reflex,
masking response, light-regulated melatonin secretion,
and modulation of the sleep/wake cycle. There are five
subtypes of mRGCs differentiated by morphology and
function. Recent years of research on mRGCs have
identified a broad number of neurodegenerative diseases
in the eye and the brain with altered physiologic light
responses, leading to disturbances of non-image forming
light response(s). In this review, we briefly summarise
the melanopsin system in the normal retina and discuss
its role in connection to human aging (sleep/wake
problems) and retinal pathology in Alzheimer and
Parkinson diseases, diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial
optic neuropathies, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and
in photophobia during migraine and in seasonal affective
disorder (SAD). Finally, we discuss the diagnostic tools
that are being used to differentiate retinal diseases
involving the melanopsin system in the rods and cones
from the inner versus the outer retina.
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Citation
Histology and Histopathology Vol. 34, nÂş 12 (2019)
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