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Characterizing the rod pathway in cone-dominated thirteen-lined ground squirrels

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dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Riley
dc.contributor.authorMiyagishima, Kiyoharu J.
dc.contributor.authorNadal-Nicolás, Francisco Manuel
dc.contributor.authorLi, Wei
dc.contributor.departmentOftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-27T19:07:01Z
dc.date.available2026-01-27T19:07:01Z
dc.date.copyright© 2023 Ferguson, Miyagishima, NadalNicolas and Li
dc.date.issued2023-11-16
dc.description.abstractAII-amacrine cells (AIIs) are widely accepted as a critical element of scotopic pathways mediating night vision in the mammalian retina and have been wellcharacterized in rod-dominant mice, rabbits, and non-human primates. The rod pathway is characteristic of all mammalian eyes, however, the anatomic and physiologic role of AIIs and the rod pathways in cone dominant thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS) is limited. Here, we employed both immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological approaches to investigate the morphology of AIIs and functional aspects of the rod pathway in TLGS. In all TLGS retinas examined, putative AIIs were calretinin-positive and exhibited connections to rod bipolar cells with decreased cell density and expanded arborization. Notably, AIIs retained connections with each other via gap junctions labeled with Connexin36. Comparisons between single photoreceptor recordings and full-field electroretinograms revealed scotopic ERG responses were mediated by both rods and cones. Thus, the components of the rod pathway are conserved in TLGS and rod signals traverse the retina in these cone-dominant animals. AIIs are sparsely populated, matching the diminished rod and rod bipolar cell populations compared to rod-dominant species. The infrequent distribution and lateral spacing of AII’s indicate that they probably do not play a significant role in cone signaling pathways that encode information at a finer spatial scale. This contrasts with the mouse retina, where they significantly contribute to cone signaling pathways. Therefore, the AII’s original function is likely that of a ‘rod’ amacrine cell, and its role in cone pathways in the mouse retina might be an adaptive feature stemming from its rod dominance.
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dc.format.extent9
dc.identifier.citationFront. Ophthalmol 3:1271882
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2023.1271882
dc.identifier.eissn2674-0826
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/195389
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherFrontiers Media SA.
dc.relationThe author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Eye Institute.
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ophthalmology/articles/10.3389/fopht.2023.1271882/full
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectAII-amacrine
dc.subjectBipolar cells
dc.subjectThirteen-lined ground squirrels
dc.subjectScotopic vision
dc.subjectRod pathways
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 3: Salud
dc.titleCharacterizing the rod pathway in cone-dominated thirteen-lined ground squirrels
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersión
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relation.isAuthorOfPublicationba9bf053-48ec-4e39-93ac-ffcbaf10fc0f
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryba9bf053-48ec-4e39-93ac-ffcbaf10fc0f
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