Publication: Tobacco smoke and age as risk factors in emphysema. Morphometrical study on the rat
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Date
1996
Authors
Escolar Castellón, J.de D. ; Martínez, M.N. ; Escolar, M.A. ; Arranz, M. ; Gallego, B. ; Roche Roche, P.A.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
During ageing, a progressive deterioration
in the pulmonary function, which can be accelerated
by exposure to tobacco smoke, takes place. The
hypothesis that the initial age of exposure to tobacco
smoke is a factor of utmost importance in the
development of ernphysema is proposed. Eighty-six rats,
aged nineteen months at the time of sacrifice, were used
and were ordered into three groups: the first group
consisted of unrnanipulated animals; the second, of
animals which had been exposed to tobacco smoke from
the age of twelve months to the age of nineteen months;
and the third, of animals which had been exposed to
tobacco smoke from the age of nine months to the age
of twelve months. The lungs of the animals were
histologically processed for light microscopy and were
studied morphometrically by computer. Eleven
quantitative variables were quantified and ordered
into three groups: variables related with alveolar
enlargement; variables related with tissue loss; and
variables related with the elastic fibre. The number of
animals in which alveolar enlargement and tissue
destruction concurred was counted, thus enabling the
attributable and relative risks of developing emphysema
to be calculated in the two groups of rnanipulated
anirnals. From the results it is clear that, when compared
with the unmanipulated group, the two groups which had been exposed to tobacco smoke displayed an increase in
the variables which quantified alveolar enlargernent and
a decrease in those which measured tissue loss; these
results were more significant in the third group
(p<0.001) than in the second ( ~ ~ 0 . 0 5s)i;g nificant
differences were also found between these two groups of
animals. The relative risk and attributable risks of
developing emphyserna were 2.41 and 28.15
respectively in the second group and 3.48 and 34.48 in
the third group. Our results lead us to propose that the
risk of developing emphysema exists in inverse
proportion to the initial age of exposure to tobacco
smoke.
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