Publication: El papel de los tomillares (Thymus vulgaris L.) en la protección de la erosión del suelo
Authors
Casermeiro, Miguel Ángel ; Cruz Caravaca, María Teresa de la ; Hernando-Costa, Juan ; Hernando-Massanet, María Isabel ; Molina Abril, José A. ; Sánchez, Purificación
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Facultad de Biología
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Publisher
Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Se estudia la influencia de los tomillos vulgares (Thymus vulgaris) en la prevención de procesos de erosión de suelos en la cuenca del Arroyo de la Vega (Madrid) que discurre por materiales miocenos. Los grupos de suelos representativos de la zona son fluvisoles, calcisoles, leptosoles, gypsisoles, regosoles y cambisoles. Dicha cuenca esta
catalogada por la Comunidad de Madrid como Zona de Erosión Significativa al estar produciéndose en la actualidad fenómenos activos de erosión. Se han elegido seis parcelas con tomillo siguiendo criterios de pendiente, representatividad espacial y ambiental. En cada parcela, se estudian los índices de abundancia/dominancia de las comunidades vegetales, cobertura aérea de la vegetación, número de individuos y biomasa. Con objeto de evaluar el comportamiento del suelo frente a la erosión se estudian las propiedades de los horizontes superficiales de los suelos: textura, pH, conductividad eléctrica, porosidad, densidad real y aparente, capacidad de retención de agua, carbono orgánico, nitrógeno total, carbonato cálcico equivalente y carbonato cálcico extraible con oxalato amónico. Además se realizan pruebas de simulación de lluvia, usando un simulador de lluvia portátil,
obteniéndose curvas de escorrentía y perdida de sedimentos.
Las parcelas con menor biomasa presentan elevada tasa de escorrentía
con pérdida de sedimentos, mientras que las parcelas con elevada
biomasa, mayor diversidad de especies acompañantes y mayor pedregosidad superficial, presentan menor escorrentía y menor perdida de sedimentos
The role of Thymus vulgaris formations in the control of erosion pro blem, in the arroyo de la Vega basin, is the main objectives of this paper. The main representative soil units are: fluvisols, calcisols, regosols, lep tosols, gypsisols and cambisols, all developed from miocenic mate rials. This area is catalogued by local authorities (Comunidad de Ma drid), as Significative Erosion Area because there exist an active pro cess of soil erosion. Six plot has been selected according to their en vironmental and spatial representative and slope degree. In each plot the following data were achieved: abundance/dominant index of every vegetal community, plant cover, number of species, number of indivi duals of each specie and biomass. In order to evaluate the behaviour of soil against erosion the following features were studied: texture, pH, electrical conductivity, water storage capacity, porosity, density, bulk den sity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, equivalent calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate extractable in ammonia oxalate. Rainfall test were performed in each plot using a portable rainfall simulator; runoff and sediment yield-out data were obtained. Plots with low biomass show a high runoff and soil losses mean while plots with a high biomass, ve getal diversity and high value of surface stoniness show lower values of runoff and sediment yield-out
The role of Thymus vulgaris formations in the control of erosion pro blem, in the arroyo de la Vega basin, is the main objectives of this paper. The main representative soil units are: fluvisols, calcisols, regosols, lep tosols, gypsisols and cambisols, all developed from miocenic mate rials. This area is catalogued by local authorities (Comunidad de Ma drid), as Significative Erosion Area because there exist an active pro cess of soil erosion. Six plot has been selected according to their en vironmental and spatial representative and slope degree. In each plot the following data were achieved: abundance/dominant index of every vegetal community, plant cover, number of species, number of indivi duals of each specie and biomass. In order to evaluate the behaviour of soil against erosion the following features were studied: texture, pH, electrical conductivity, water storage capacity, porosity, density, bulk den sity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, equivalent calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate extractable in ammonia oxalate. Rainfall test were performed in each plot using a portable rainfall simulator; runoff and sediment yield-out data were obtained. Plots with low biomass show a high runoff and soil losses mean while plots with a high biomass, ve getal diversity and high value of surface stoniness show lower values of runoff and sediment yield-out
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Citation
Anales de biología, vol. 24, 2002, 81-87
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