Publication: The penis: a new target and source of estrogen in male reproduction
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Date
2006
Authors
Mowa, C.N. ; Jesmin, S. ; Miyauchi, T.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
In the past decade, interest and knowledge in
the role of estrogen in male reproduction and fertility has
gained significant momentum. More recently, the
cellular distribution and activity of estrogen receptors (a
and ß)(ER) and aromatase (estrogen synthesis) has been
reported in the penis, making the penis the latest
“frontier” in the study of estrogen in male reproduction.
ER and aromatase are broadly and abundantly expressed
in various penile compartments and cell types (erectile
tissues, urethral epithelia, vascular and neuronal cells),
suggesting the complexity and significance of the
estrogen-ER system in penile events. Unraveling this
complexity is important and will require utilization of
the various resources that are now at our disposal
including, animal models and human lacking or deficient
in ER and aromatase and the use of advanced and
sensitive techniques. Some of the obvious areas that
require our attention include: 1) a comprehensive
mapping of ER-a and -ß cellular expression in the
different penile compartments and subpopulations of
cells, 2) delineation of the specific roles of estrogen in
the different subpopulations of cells, 3) establishing the
relationship of the estrogen-ER system with the
androgen-androgen receptor system, if any, and 4)
characterizing the specific penile phenotypes in human
and animals lacking or deficient in estrogen and ER.
Some data generated thus far, although preliminary,
appear to challenge the long held dogma that, overall,
androgens have a regulatory monopoly of penile
development and function.
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