Publication: Desajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia: socialización parental, autoestima y uso de sustancias
Authors
Riquelme, María ; García, Oscar F. ; Serra, Emilia
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Este estudio analiza la vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes a par-
tir de la autoestima y el consumo de sustancias, y la protección o riesgo del
estilo de socialización. La muestra fue de 1445 adolescentes españoles
(59.4% mujeres), 600 tempranos de 12 a 15 años (41.5%) y 845 tardíos de
16 a 17 años (58.5%). Las familias se clasificaron en una de las cuatro tipo-
logías: indulgente, autorizativa, autoritaria y negligente. El ajuste de los hijos
se midió con autoestima (emocional, familiar y física) y consumo de sustan-
cias (alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y drogas de síntesis). Los resultados mostra-
ron que en la adolescencia tardía la vulnerabilidad fue mayor que en la tem-
prana. Se encontró una interacción entre la etapa de la adolescencia y el se-
xo. Los adolescentes tardíos presentaron mayor consumo de sustancias
(aunque no las adolescentes) en cannabis y drogas de síntesis. La menor au-
toestima emocional correspondió a las adolescentes tardías y la menor au-
toestima familiar a los adolescentes tardíos. El estilo parental no interactuó
con la etapa de la adolescencia ni con el sexo. El estilo indulgente igualó, o
incluso mejoró, la protección respecto del autorizativo, mientras que los es-
tilos parentales autoritario y negligente actuaron como factores de riesgo.
This study analyzes adolescents’ vulnerability based on self- esteem and substance use, with parenting style as a protective or risk factor. The sample was composed of 1445 Spanish adolescents (59.4% females), 600 early (41.5%, from 12 to 15 years old) and 845 late (58.5%, from 16 to 17 years old) adolescents. Families were classified in one of four typologies: Indulgent, authoritative, authoritarian, and neglectful. Adolescents’ adjust- ment was captured through self-esteem (emotional, family, and physical) and substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and synthetic drugs). Results showed that vulnerability was greater in late adolescence than in early ado- lescence. An interaction was found between the adolescent stage and gen- der. Male late adolescents had higher substance use of cannabis and syn- thetic drugs. The lowest emotional self-esteem corresponded to female late adolescents, and the lowest family self-esteem corresponded to male late adolescents. The parenting style did not interact with the stage of adoles- cence or gender. The indulgent parenting style was associated with equal or even greater protection than the authoritative parenting style against psy- chosocial maladjustment problems in adolescence, whereas the authoritari- an and neglectful parenting styles acted as risk factors.
This study analyzes adolescents’ vulnerability based on self- esteem and substance use, with parenting style as a protective or risk factor. The sample was composed of 1445 Spanish adolescents (59.4% females), 600 early (41.5%, from 12 to 15 years old) and 845 late (58.5%, from 16 to 17 years old) adolescents. Families were classified in one of four typologies: Indulgent, authoritative, authoritarian, and neglectful. Adolescents’ adjust- ment was captured through self-esteem (emotional, family, and physical) and substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and synthetic drugs). Results showed that vulnerability was greater in late adolescence than in early ado- lescence. An interaction was found between the adolescent stage and gen- der. Male late adolescents had higher substance use of cannabis and syn- thetic drugs. The lowest emotional self-esteem corresponded to female late adolescents, and the lowest family self-esteem corresponded to male late adolescents. The parenting style did not interact with the stage of adoles- cence or gender. The indulgent parenting style was associated with equal or even greater protection than the authoritative parenting style against psy- chosocial maladjustment problems in adolescence, whereas the authoritari- an and neglectful parenting styles acted as risk factors.
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