Publication: Potential risk of dental fluorosis associated with different baby formulas and water brands marketed in Spain
Authors
Gallego-Reyes, Sandra M. ; Cury, Jaime A. ; Pérez-Silva, Amparo ; Serna-Muñoz, Clara ; Fernández-Pizarro, Icíar ; Martínez Beneyto, Yolanda ; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José
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Publisher
MRE Press
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2024.013
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
© 2024 The Author(s). This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentristy. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2024.013
Abstract
Despite efforts to promote breastfeeding, many babies aged <6 months receive only baby formula reconstituted with bottled water. The intake of high levels of fluoride during amelogenesis has been associated with hypomineralization of the tooth enamel, with aesthetic and mechanical repercussions. The objective of this study was to determine the potential risk of dental fluorosis associated with baby formulas marketed in Spain. We measured 26 baby formulas frequently consumed in Spain; 17 brands for babies aged <6 months, 5 for those aged >6 months, and 4 ready-to-use brands. They were prepared with 4 types of water: distilled water and three brands of bottled water with different levels of fluoride. The fluoride concentration (mg/L or ppm F) was measured with an ion-specific electrode coupled to an ion analyzer. Each sample was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and analyzed in triplicate. A descriptive analysis was carried out. The minimum fluoride level found was 0.04 mg/L and the maximum was 1.02 mg/L. Considering the daily intake of these formulas, none exceeded the clinically acceptable daily dose limit risk for fluorosis (0.07 mg F/day/kg body weight) when mixed with bottled water with a low level of fluoride (0.1 mg/L). However, when the same brands of formula were reconstituted with bottled water with a higher fluoride content (0.99 mg/L), they all exceeded the daily dose limit for the risk of fluorosis. As the
potential risk of dental fluorosis associated with the formulas tested
depends exclusively on the fluoride concentration of the waters used for reconstitution, formula packaging should contain a warning.
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Citation
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2024; 48(1): 111-119
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