Publication: Characterization of cell motility in single heart valve interstitial cells in vitro
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Date
2007
Authors
Liu, A.C. ; Gotlieb, A.I.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Valve interstitial cells (VIC) are the most
prevalent cells in the heart valve, regulating to a large
extent the normal biology of the valve and its
pathobiological response to disease. In the process of
valve tissue repair by VICs, single cell motility is likely
to be important, as it is in wound repair by most
mesenchymal type cells. We designed in vitro
experiments using low density monolayer cultures to
study the association of morphology and motility in
single VICs which expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin.
We observed that the morphology of single VICs can be
categorized into six types which are reminiscent of the
shape of VICs seen in vivo during valve repair. Of these
morphologies, round, rhomboid, tailed and spindled
shaped VICs were the most common. VICs did change
their morphology over time. Rhomboid cells could
become tailed or spindle-shaped and vice versa. Using
time-lapse imaging and immunofluorescent microscopy,
we showed that VIC morphologies reflect differences in
cell motility and cell-matrix interactions. Tailed and
spindle-shaped VICs were the predominant motile types
and were associated with few extracellular fibronectin
fibrils and less focal adhesions, as demonstrated by
vinculin staining. Round and rhomboid shaped VICs
were less motile and were associated with prominent vinculin and extracellular fibronectin fibrils. We found
that cell mitosis is an important determinant of VIC
migration. Many of the motile VICs were associated
with mitosis as the daughter cells separated by migrating
as tailed and spindle shaped cells. Thus cell morphology
is an important determinant of VIC motility.
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