Publication: Hepatic myofibroblasts and fibrogenic
progression of chronic liver diseases
Authors
Novo, Erica ; Cannito, Stefania ; Morello, Elisabetta ; Paternostro, Claudia ; Bocca, Claudia ; Miglietta, Antonella ; Parola, Maurizio
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Publisher
F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.4670/HH-11-623
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Liver fibrogenesis is a dynamic and highly
integrated molecular, tissue and cellular process that
during the course of a chronic liver disease (CLD) leads
progressively to an excess deposition of extracellular
matrix (ECM) components in an attempt to limit the
consequences of chronic parenchymal injury.
Irrespective of etiology, liver fibrogenesis is sustained
and modulated by an intense cross talk occurring
between different hepatic cell populations that involves
the synthesis and release of several mediators, including
growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen
species, adipokines, vasoactive agents and plasma
proteins. In this scenario a major pro-fibrogenic role is
played by a heterogeneous population of α-smooth
muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells defined as hepatic
myofibroblasts (MFs). Hepatic MFs are highly
proliferative and contractile cells, primarily responsible
for excess deposition of ECM components and involved
in ECM altered remodeling observed in CLDs. MFs also
represent a unique and critical cellular crossroad able to
integrate incoming paracrine or autocrine signals,
released from all hepatic cell populations involved or
available in the microenvironment, as well as to
synthetize and release mediators which sustain and
perpetuate fibrogenesis, chronic inflammatory response
and neo-angiogenesis. This review has been designed to
offer critical knowledge on hepatic MFs, including terminology, essential definitions and characterization of
MFs, with a focus on the origin of these cells (mainly
from hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts or, to a
lesser extent, bone marrow-derived cells), the process of
activation and the functional responses that these cells
can operate in the fibrogenic progression of CLDs.
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Citation
Histology and histopathology, Vol. 30, nº 9 (2015)
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