Publication: Manicomios, prisioneros de guerra, batallones de trabajadores: historias de la guerra civil y la posguerra desde Galicia
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Date
2025
Authors
Simón Lorda, David
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/sh.638821
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Al acabar la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939) y durante los primeros años de la dictadura de Franco, España fue una inmensa cárcel. Había campos de concentración, establecimientos carcelarios y también los llamados Destacamentos Penales y Batallones de Trabajadores (prisioneros de guerra) para obras civiles (Construcciones de infraestructuras ferroviarias, carreteras …). La sanidad militar franquista tuvo que organizarse para dispensar atención psiquiátrica a estos centros de prisioneros, llegándose a abrir algún centro específico para su atención. Rastreamos algunas historias/stories que nos permiten trazar un bosquejo de esa asistencia y organización. Partimos de historias clínicas de pacientes ingresados en el manicomio de Conxo (Santiago de Compostela-Galicia-España) en los años 1939-1942, y que fueron trasladados desde cárceles, desde campos de concentración de prisioneros (como el de Labacolla en Santiago) o también desde la denominada Clínica Psiquiátrica de Prisioneros de Guerra de Santa Águeda (Mondragón-Guipúzcoa) que centralizaba muchos de los casos del norte de España provenientes de campos de concentración, de Batallones de Trabajadores y de otras prisiones con presos políticos. Con este trabajo aportamos algunos aspectos, aún poco explorados, de la guerra civil española y los primeros años de la posguerra, relacionados con las instituciones sanitarias psiquiátricas y con el universo carcelario represivo de la España franquista.
At the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and during the first years of the Franco dictatorship, Spain was an immense prison. There were concentration camps, prisons and the so-called Penal Detachments and Workers Battalions (prisoners of war) for civil works (construction of railway infrastructures, roads...) Franco's military health structure had to organize to provide psychiatric care to these centers of prisoners, including a specific psychiatric center for their attention. We trace some stories that allow us to draw an outline of that assistance and organization. Our point of departure/analysis are some clinical histories of patients admitted to the Conxo mental hospital (Santiago de Compostela-Galicia-Spain) in the years 1939-1942, and who were transferred from concentration camps for prisoners (such as Labacolla in Santiago) or also from the so-called Psychiatric Clinic for Prisoners of War in Santa Águeda (Mondragón-Guipúzcoa) that centralized many of the cases from the north of Spain from concentration camps, Workers' Batallions and other prisons. With this work we contribute some aspects, still little explored, of the Spanish Civil War and the first years of the post-war period, related to psychiatric health institutions and the repressive prison universe of Franco's Spain.
At the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and during the first years of the Franco dictatorship, Spain was an immense prison. There were concentration camps, prisons and the so-called Penal Detachments and Workers Battalions (prisoners of war) for civil works (construction of railway infrastructures, roads...) Franco's military health structure had to organize to provide psychiatric care to these centers of prisoners, including a specific psychiatric center for their attention. We trace some stories that allow us to draw an outline of that assistance and organization. Our point of departure/analysis are some clinical histories of patients admitted to the Conxo mental hospital (Santiago de Compostela-Galicia-Spain) in the years 1939-1942, and who were transferred from concentration camps for prisoners (such as Labacolla in Santiago) or also from the so-called Psychiatric Clinic for Prisoners of War in Santa Águeda (Mondragón-Guipúzcoa) that centralized many of the cases from the north of Spain from concentration camps, Workers' Batallions and other prisons. With this work we contribute some aspects, still little explored, of the Spanish Civil War and the first years of the post-war period, related to psychiatric health institutions and the repressive prison universe of Franco's Spain.
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Citation
Sociología Histórica, 2025, Vol. 15, nº. 1, p. 5-39
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