Publication: Recent insights into the characteristics and role of peritoneal macrophages from ascites of cirrhotic patients
Authors
García Peñarrubia, Pilar ; Ruiz Ballester, Miriam ; Martínez-Esparza Alvargonzález, María Concepción ; Ramírez Pávez, Tamara Nadira ; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José
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Publisher
Baishideng Publishing Group
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7014
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
©The Author(s) 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in World Journal of Gastroenterology. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7014
Abstract
Macrophages are a diverse myeloid cell population involved in innate and
adaptive immune responses, embryonic development, wound repair, and
regulation of tissue homeostasis. These cells link the innate and adaptive immunities
and are crucial in the development and sustainment of various inflammatory
diseases. Macrophages are tissue-resident cells in steady-state conditions;
however, they are also recruited from blood monocytes after local pathogen
invasion or tissue injury. Peritoneal macrophages vary based on their cell
complexity, phenotype, and functional capabilities. These cells regulate inflammation
and control bacterial infections in the ascites of decompensated cirrhotic
patients. Our recent work reported several phenotypic and functional characteristics
of these cells under both healthy and pathological conditions. A direct
association between cell size, CD14/CD16 expression, intracellular level of
GATA-6, and expression of CD206 and HLA-DR activation/maturation markers,
indicate that the large peritoneal macrophage CD14highCD16high subset constitutes
the mature phenotype of human resident peritoneal macrophages during
homeostasis. Moreover, elevated expression of CD14/CD16 is related to the
phagocytic capacity. The novel large CD14highCD16high peritoneal subpopulation is
increased in the ascites of cirrhotic patients and is highly sensitive to lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced activation, thereby exhibiting features of inflammatory
priming. Thus, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PKB/Akt, and c-Jun is remarkably
increased in response to LPS in vitro, whereas that of p38 MAPK is reduced
compared with the monocyte-derived macrophages from the blood of healthy
controls. Furthermore, in vitro activated monocyte-derived macrophages from
ascites of cirrhotic patients secreted significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, and
TNF-α and lower amounts of IL-1β and IL-12 than the corresponding cells from
healthy donor’s blood. Based on these results, other authors have recently
reported that the surface expression level of CD206 can be used to identifymature, resident, inflammatory peritoneal macrophages in patients with cirrhosis.
Soluble CD206 is released from activated large peritoneal macrophages, and
increased concentrations in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis (SBP) indicate reduced odds of survival for 90 d. Hence, the level of
soluble CD206 in ascites might be used to identify patients with SBP at risk of
death. In conclusion, peritoneal macrophages present in ascites of cirrhotic
patients display multiple phenotypic modifications characterized by reduced ratio
of cells expressing several membrane markers, together with an increase in the
ratios of complex and intermediate subpopulations and a decrease in the classiclike
subset. These modifications may lead to the identification of novel pharmaceutical
targets for prevention and treatment of hepatic damage.
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Citation
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021, Vol. 27 (41), pp. 7014-7024
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Este ítem está sujeto a una licencia Creative Commons. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/