Publication: Mesenchymal stem cells in connective tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Applications in
cartilage repair and osteoarthritis therapy
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Date
2009
Authors
Mobasheri, A. ; Csaki, C. ; Clutterbuck, A.L. ; Rahmanzadeh, M. ; Shakibaei, M.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Defects of load-bearing connective tissues
such as articular cartilage, often result from trauma,
degenerative or age-related disease. Osteoarthritis (OA)
presents a major clinical challenge to clinicians due to
the limited inherent repair capacity of articular cartilage.
Articular cartilage defects are increasingly common
among the elderly population causing pain, reduced joint
function and significant disability among affected
patients. The poor capacity for self-repair of chondral
defects has resulted in the development of a large variety
of treatment approaches including Autologous
Chondrocyte Transplantation (ACT), microfracture and
mosaicplasty methods. In ACT, a cartilage biopsy is
taken from the patient and articular chondrocytes are
isolated. The cells are then expanded after several
passages in vitro and used to fill the cartilage defect.
Since its introduction, ACT has become a widely applied
surgical method with good to excellent clinical
outcomes. More recently, classical ACT has been
combined with tissue engineering and implantable
scaffolds for improved results. However, there are still
major problems associated with the ACT technique
which relate mainly to chondrocyte de-differentiation
during the expansion phase in monolayer culture and the
poor integration of the implants into the surrounding
cartilage tissue. Novel approaches using mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative cell source to patient
derived chondrocytes are currently on trial. MSCs have shown significant potential for chondrogenesis in animal
models. This review article discusses the potential of
MSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and highlights their potential for cartilage repair and
cell-based therapies for osteoarthritis and a range of
related osteoarticular disorders.
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