Publication: The role of GIP in carbohydrate metabolism: Implications in the development of therapies for T2DM, a narrative review
Authors
Alfredo Díaz-Gómez ; Francisco Visiedo ; José-Carlos García-Ortiz ; Alonso Camacho-Ramírez ; Antonio Ribelles-García ; José-Arturo Prada-Oliveira ; Gonzalo-Martín Pérez-Arana ; David Almorza-Gomar
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Publisher
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-967
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Introduction. For the last three decades,
bariatric/metabolic surgeries have highlighted the
relevance of certain gastrointestinal hormones in
controlling and regulating glucose metabolism. The
incretins have been a significant focus in developing
therapies against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been a primary
focus in this field, leading to the development of
analogues with high therapeutic potential and efficiency,
such as semaglutide. However, recently another incretin,
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), has
become a key target in T2DM drug development due to
its complex pleiotropic effects, which include
modulating insulin/glucagon secretion, acting on adipose
tissue, and regulating appetite. The description of GIP
properties as dual can be ambiguous, as this may refer
either to its capacity to regulate both insulin and
glucagon or to its distinct actions at the central versus
peripheral level. Connecting this multifaceted activity
was the rationale for developing combined GIP/GLP-1
analogues, like tirzepatide, and has culminated in triple
receptor agonists such as retratutide, which also engages
the glucagon receptor (LY3437943). These multi
agonists potentially enhance the therapeutic potential of
GLP-1 analogues.
Commentaries. This review covers GIP physiology,
its role within the context of T2DM, and the properties
of GIP analogues, which represent a new line of drugs
against T2DM. This field includes not only GIP analogues, since some are dual or triple agonists that
also target GLP-1. We aim to elucidate the future
perspectives offered by the use of these drugs.
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