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Free-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus) are Natural Reservoirs of Intestinal Microeukaryotes of Public Health Significance in Southwestern Europe

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dc.contributor.authorOrtega, Sheila
dc.contributor.authorFigueiredo, Ana M.
dc.contributor.authorMoroni, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorAbarca, Nadia
dc.contributor.authorDashti, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorKöster, Pamela C.
dc.contributor.authorBailo, Begoña
dc.contributor.authorCano-Terriza, David
dc.contributor.authorFayos, Manena
dc.contributor.authorOleaga, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorMartínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorVelarde, Roser
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Rita T.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorHipólito, Dário
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Tânia
dc.contributor.authorLino, Ana
dc.contributor.authorRobetto, Serena
dc.contributor.authorRossi, Luca
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz-de-Mier, Gemma J.
dc.contributor.authorÁvalos, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorCalero- Bernal, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorGonzález- Barrio, David
dc.contributor.authorSánchez, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorGarcía- Bocanegra, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorCarmena, David
dc.contributor.authorGonzálvez Juan, Moisés
dc.contributor.departmentSanidad Animal
dc.contributor.otherFacultad de Veterinaria
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-29T09:13:02Z
dc.date.available2025-12-29T09:13:02Z
dc.date.copyright© 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH
dc.date.issued2024-12-08
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Intestinal microeukaryote parasites are major contributors to the burden of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals, but their epidemiology in wildlife is not fully understood. We investigated the frequency, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of protists of animal and public health significance in free-ranging grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations in south-western Europe. Methods: Individually formed faecal samples collected from necropsied wolves or scat trails in Italy (n = 47), Portugal (n = 43) and Spain (n = 225) during the period 2011–2023 were retrospectively analysed using molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods. Complementary epidemiological data were gathered when available. Results: Giardia duodenalis was the most frequent microeukaryote found (40.3%, 127/315; 95% CI: 34.9–46.0), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (3.5%, 11/315; 95% CI: 1.8–6.2), Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. (1.6%, 5/315; 95% CI: 0.5–3.7 each). Blastocystis was not identified in any of the faecal samples analysed. Sequence analyses confirmed the presence of canine-adapted assemblage D within G. duodenalis (n = 7). Three Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely canine-adapted C. canis (n = 9), zoonotic C. parvum (n = 1) and primarily anthroponotic C.hominis (n = 1). Genotyping tools enabled the identification of subtype family XXe2 within C. canis. Among microsporidia, the canine-adapted genotype PtEb IX was identified within E. bieneusi. Two samples were confirmed as Enc. intestinalis and three more as Enc. cuniculi genotype IV. This is the first record of Enc. intestinalis and Enc. cuniculi in the grey wolf globally. Conclusions: Silent carriage of intestinal microeukaryotes seems common in free-ranging grey wolves in southwestern Europe. Wolves can contribute to environmental contamination through the transmission stages (cysts, oocysts, spores) of species/genotypes potentially infective to humans. Individuals in close contact with wolf carcasses or their faecal material may be at potential risk of infection by microeukaryotic pathogens.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent15
dc.identifier.citationZoonoses and Public Health, 2025; 72:269–283
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13202
dc.identifier.eissn1863-2378
dc.identifier.issn863-1959
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/183189
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationThis study was supported by the Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under project PI19CIII/00029. Additional funding was obtained from the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 +UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020) in Portugal and from the CIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CB 2021/13/00083), ISCIII, Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union-NextGenerationEU
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.13202
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subjectCryptosporidium
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subject Genotyping
dc.subjectGiardia
dc.subjectMicrosporidia
dc.subjectZoonoses
dc.subject.odsObjetivo 3: Salud
dc.titleFree-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus) are Natural Reservoirs of Intestinal Microeukaryotes of Public Health Significance in Southwestern Europe
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersión
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication74bbaf1b-2a73-4ec8-b1c6-429311688d3b
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd0bfa3a6-c4d2-4225-b663-52987a201884
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery74bbaf1b-2a73-4ec8-b1c6-429311688d3b
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