Publication: Biomarcadores a nivel de una comunidad de pasto y de una población herbácea forrajera para suelos contaminados por cobre
Authors
Pastor, Jesús ; Gutiérrez-Maroto, Antonio ; Hernández, Ana Jesús
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Facultad de Biología
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Publisher
Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
El trabajo se propone discutir algunos parámetros que pueden ser
considerados como biomarcadores en dos niveles de organización bio
lógica, no usualmente considerados en los estudios sobre biomarca
dores, para evaluar el efecto del Cu procedente de una antigua mina
en suelos. Se ha elegido una comunidad de pasto aprovechada por
ganado vacuno y una población de una leguminosa forrajera, por el
interés que ambas tienen en la contaminación de redes tróficas. Se
parte de un estudio de campo realizado en el área afectada por una
mina de calcopirita en la provincia de Madrid, abandonada hace 37
años y con una escombrera actual de unos 3.500 m3. Una vez conoci
dos los contenidos de Cu asimilable de la escombrera y de los suelos
contaminados circundantes, se tomaron muestras de la capa superfi
cial de suelo en 5 áreas con un contenido creciente de este metal (de
40 a 2.500 ppm) para llevar a cabo dos bioensayos efectuados en
condiciones controladas de invernadero: (i) seguimiento de la cobertu
ra vegetal procedente del banco de semillas durante 8 semanas; (ii)
siembra de Lupinus albus hasta el inicio de la floración (12 semanas).
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los biomarcadores a nivel de
población vegetal (altura de la planta, diámetro de la hoja, longitud y
anchura del folíolo, vigor de la planta y necrosis de la hoja), dan me
jores resultados para revelar un efecto contaminante del cobre asimi
lable de los suelos que el biomarcador utilizado (cobertura vegetal) a
nivel de la comunidad pascícola.
This report discusses several factors that may be considered biomar kers of the effects of soil Cu at two levels of biological organisation. Based on potential implications for trophic systems, this investigation was performed on a pasture community used by cattle and a forage leguminous population. The study area was a 3.500 m3 slag heap in the Madrid province corresponding to a copper pyrite mine in disuse for 37 years. Once the content of absorbable Cu of the tip and surroun ding contaminated soil had been established, 3 Kg top soil samples were obtained from 5 areas showing Cu levels of 42, 254, 654, 1153 and 2500 ppm. The soil samples were placed in 22 x 15 x 8 cm con tainers, in triplicate for each Cu level, to perform the following bioas says under controlled, greenhouse conditions: (i) monitoring plant co ver growth from seed-bank seeds for 8 weeks; (ii) seeding of the legu me Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa until flowering (12 weeks). Soil from the same area but unaffected by the mine (5 ppm Cu) was used as the control. Herbaceous % coverage was the main biomarker used for the plant community and the variables: plant height, leaf diameter, foliole length and width, plant vigour and incidence of leaf necrosis were used as markers of the effects on the fodder population. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Findings suggest that plant coverage may be considered a biomarker of the Cu content of soils of high Cu concentration, particularly after the seventh week. The morphological characters of the forage population (espe cially incidence of leaf necrosis) also proved to be good biomarkers of Cu. Contaminating effects of absorbable Cu were best shown by the plant population.
This report discusses several factors that may be considered biomar kers of the effects of soil Cu at two levels of biological organisation. Based on potential implications for trophic systems, this investigation was performed on a pasture community used by cattle and a forage leguminous population. The study area was a 3.500 m3 slag heap in the Madrid province corresponding to a copper pyrite mine in disuse for 37 years. Once the content of absorbable Cu of the tip and surroun ding contaminated soil had been established, 3 Kg top soil samples were obtained from 5 areas showing Cu levels of 42, 254, 654, 1153 and 2500 ppm. The soil samples were placed in 22 x 15 x 8 cm con tainers, in triplicate for each Cu level, to perform the following bioas says under controlled, greenhouse conditions: (i) monitoring plant co ver growth from seed-bank seeds for 8 weeks; (ii) seeding of the legu me Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa until flowering (12 weeks). Soil from the same area but unaffected by the mine (5 ppm Cu) was used as the control. Herbaceous % coverage was the main biomarker used for the plant community and the variables: plant height, leaf diameter, foliole length and width, plant vigour and incidence of leaf necrosis were used as markers of the effects on the fodder population. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS software. Findings suggest that plant coverage may be considered a biomarker of the Cu content of soils of high Cu concentration, particularly after the seventh week. The morphological characters of the forage population (espe cially incidence of leaf necrosis) also proved to be good biomarkers of Cu. Contaminating effects of absorbable Cu were best shown by the plant population.
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Citation
Anales de biología, vol. 25, 2003, 103-108
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