Automated Spectrophotometric Assays for the Measurement of Ammonia and Bicarbonate in Saliva of Horses: Analytical Validation and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)

Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; Llamas-Amor, Eva; Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Martín Cuervo, María; Cerón, José Joaquín; Hansen, Sanni

Publication:
Automated Spectrophotometric Assays for the Measurement of Ammonia and Bicarbonate in Saliva of Horses: Analytical Validation and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)

dc.contributor.author	Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto
dc.contributor.author	Llamas-Amor, Eva
dc.contributor.author	Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores
dc.contributor.author	Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio
dc.contributor.author	Martín Cuervo, María
dc.contributor.author	Cerón, José Joaquín
dc.contributor.author	Hansen, Sanni
dc.contributor.department	Medicina y Cirugía Animal
dc.date.accessioned	2024-09-11T08:35:22Z
dc.date.available	2024-09-11T08:35:22Z
dc.date.issued	2024-02-28
dc.description	© 2024. The authors. Once the embargo has passed, this document will be available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in Metabolites To access the final work, see DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14030147	es
dc.description.abstract	Ammonia (NH3) and bicarbonate (HCO3) have been related to gastric ulcers in humans. Ammonia is considered a possible cause of gastric ulcers, whereas bicarbonate has a protective function. The presence of ulcers in the stomach of horses is defined as Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), which is a frequent disease in this species, and it has been associated with changes in saliva composition, such as in analytes related to inflammation, immune system and oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were (1) to perform an analytical validation of two automated spectrophotometric assays, one for ammonia and one for bicarbonate, in the horses’ saliva and (2) to evaluate their possible variations with EGUS. Analytical validation of the automated assays for ammonia and bicarbonate in the saliva of horses showed that both assays were precise and accurate. In addition, significantly higher values of ammonia and lower values of bicarbonate were found in the saliva of horses with EGUS compared to healthy horses. It can be concluded that ammonia and bicarbonate can be measured in the saliva of horses and that ammonia increases and bicarbonate decreases in this sample type could be related to the presence of EGUS in this species.	es
dc.format	application/pdf	es
dc.format.extent	14	es
dc.identifier.citation	Metabolites 2024, 14, 147
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14030147
dc.identifier.issn	Electronic: 2218-1989
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10201/143830
dc.language	eng	es
dc.publisher	MDPI	es
dc.relation	This research was funded by the Seneca foundation of Murcia Regional Government, Spain, grant number 19894/GERM/15. A.M.-P. was funded by a post-doctoral fellowship “Ramón y Cajal” supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Spain, and The European Next Generation Funds (NextgenerationEU) (RYC2021-033660-I).	es
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/147	es
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess	es
dc.rights	Atribución 4.0 Internacional	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	*
dc.subject	Ammonia	es
dc.subject	Bicarbonate	es
dc.subject	EGUS	es
dc.subject	Saliva	es
dc.subject	Horses	es
dc.title	Automated Spectrophotometric Assays for the Measurement of Ammonia and Bicarbonate in Saliva of Horses: Analytical Validation and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)	es
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication	es