Publication: Effects of chronic low-level copper exposure on ultrastructure of the olfactory system in rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Date
1993
Authors
Julliard, A.K. ; Saucier, D. ; Astic, L.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of
a chronic exposure to a low level of copper on
cell populations of the olfactory system in yearling
rainbow trout. Fish were sacrificed after 15, 30 and
60 days of copper exposure. Transmission electron
microscopy was used to describe the sequence
of subcellular changes occurring in three tissues,
the sensory epithelium, the olfactory nerve and
the olfactory bulb. Data show that a 15-day exposure
to 20 pg/l of copper causes specific degeneration of
al1 mature receptor cells as well as numerous immature
neurons. Moreover, degenerating receptor cells exhibited
morphological features of a cell death by apoptosis.
After 30 days, and more specifically after 60 days
of exposure, numerous clusters of cells were observed
in the basa1 region of the epithelium, suggesting a
great mitotic activity in this area. In parallel, an
increased number of maturing receptor cells and
goblet cells were observed, but no fully mature
neurons were noted even after 60 days of exposure. In
both the olfactory nerve and the olfactory bulb, the
number of degenerating axons and terminals, which was
high at 15 days, decreased with time and some process
of glomerular reinnervation was detected after 60 days. A reactive hypertrophy of supporting, ensheathing
and astrocytic cells was also observed in exposed
fish, which demonstrates that these cell types
are actively involved in the process of tissue scarring.
Even though some signs of neurona1 regeneration
were reported during the time-course of exposure,
indicating some fish acclimation, results raise the
question of the olfactory function during such
environmental stress.
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