Publication: Extractivismo hídrico y conflictos socioambientales con macrogranjas de cerdos en las pedanías altas de Lorca (Región de Murcia).
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Date
2024
Authors
Giménez Casalduero, María ; Ramírez Melgarejo, Antonio J. ; Pedreño Cánovas, Andrés ; Guerrero Avellaneda, Irene
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Publisher
Ateneo de Estudios Políticos (ACEP).
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Las pedanías altas de Lorca (Murcia) se configuran como un territorio definido como “una frontera de apropiación”, fruto de la reordenación política municipal del espacio rural lorquino sobresaturado de cebaderos porcinos para su reubicación en la periferia más despoblada. Además, el ciclo expansivo de producción global de carne de cerdo ha posibilitado la expansión de los grandes productores locales, cuya lógica de valorización requirió de la búsqueda de territorios periféricos en los cuales implantar nuevos polos de producción cárnica. Sin embargo, los desarrollos de la hortofruticultura intensiva y de la ganadería industrial porcina de la última década no han implicado un renacimiento demográfico de las pedanías altas de Lorca. En el caso de las inversiones de ganadería industrial, a diferencia de la hortofruticultura que es muy intensiva en mano de obra asalariada, las explotaciones de cerdo requieren de muy poca mano de obra. En este contexto, y como eje central de este estudio se analizan las lógicas de apropiación indiscriminada del agua. Las macrogranjas de cerdos en las pedanías altas de Lorca están generando un problema de primer nivel en torno a la sobreexplotación de aguas subterráneas y manantiales con objeto de satisfacer las demandas de agua de la industria porcina. Asimismo, nos encontramos con la problemática de la cuestionable apropiación de recursos hídricos originariamente destinados al consumo humano. Teniendo en cuenta la escasez de agua en la zona, las pocas reservas de agua dulce existentes se encuentran en riesgo de apropiación constante. Por este motivo, se aboga por la planificación y el control sobre el uso del agua destinada al abastecimiento de granjas industriales de cerdos y la producción de piensos con destino a la alimentación del ganado. Esta problemática socioambiental contrasta con la labor de los grupos vecinales que tratan de definir el valor social de la naturaleza frente a la lógica de apropiación capitalista.
Abstract: The upper districts of Lorca (Murcia) are configured as a territory defined as ‘a frontier of appropriation’, the result of the municipal political reorganisation of the rural space of Lorca, which was oversaturated with pig fattening farms for their relocation to the most unpopulated periphery. Furthermore, the expansive cycle of global pork production has enabled the expansion of large local producers, whose logic of valorisation required the search for peripheral territories in which to establish new meat production centres. However, the developments of intensive horticulture and industrial pig farming in the last decade have not led to a demographic renaissance in the upper districts of Lorca. In the case of industrial livestock investments, unlike horticulture, which is very labour-intensive, pig farms require very little labour. In this context, and as a central focus of this study, the logic of indiscriminate water appropriation is analysed. The large-scale pig farms in the upper districts of Lorca are generating a major problem in terms of the overexploitation of groundwater and springs to meet the water demands of the pig industry. There is also the problem of the questionable appropriation of water resources originally intended for human consumption. Given the scarcity of water in the area, the few existing freshwater reserves are at risk of constant appropriation. For this reason, planning and control over the use of water for the supply of industrial pig farms and the production of animal feed for livestock feeding is advocated. This socio-environmental issue contrasts with the work of neighbourhood groups trying to define the social value of nature against the logic of capitalist appropriation.
Abstract: The upper districts of Lorca (Murcia) are configured as a territory defined as ‘a frontier of appropriation’, the result of the municipal political reorganisation of the rural space of Lorca, which was oversaturated with pig fattening farms for their relocation to the most unpopulated periphery. Furthermore, the expansive cycle of global pork production has enabled the expansion of large local producers, whose logic of valorisation required the search for peripheral territories in which to establish new meat production centres. However, the developments of intensive horticulture and industrial pig farming in the last decade have not led to a demographic renaissance in the upper districts of Lorca. In the case of industrial livestock investments, unlike horticulture, which is very labour-intensive, pig farms require very little labour. In this context, and as a central focus of this study, the logic of indiscriminate water appropriation is analysed. The large-scale pig farms in the upper districts of Lorca are generating a major problem in terms of the overexploitation of groundwater and springs to meet the water demands of the pig industry. There is also the problem of the questionable appropriation of water resources originally intended for human consumption. Given the scarcity of water in the area, the few existing freshwater reserves are at risk of constant appropriation. For this reason, planning and control over the use of water for the supply of industrial pig farms and the production of animal feed for livestock feeding is advocated. This socio-environmental issue contrasts with the work of neighbourhood groups trying to define the social value of nature against the logic of capitalist appropriation.
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Citation
Pensamiento al margen: revista digital de ideas políticas, n. 20, 2024, p. 67-83.
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