Publication: Akt1 and Akt2: Differentiating the aktion
Authors
Heron-Milhavet, Lisa ; Khouya, Nabil ; Fernandez, Anne ; Lamb, Ned J.
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Publisher
Murcia: F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Kinases of the Akt family are integral and
essential components in growth factor signaling
pathways activated downstream of the membrane bound
phospho-inositol-3 kinase. In light of strong homologies
in the primary amino acid sequence, the three Akt
kinases were long surmised to play redundant and
overlapping roles in insulin signaling across the spectra
of cell and tissue types. Over the last 10 years, work
using mouse knockout models, cell specific inactivation,
and more recently targeted gene inactivation, has
brought into question the redundancy within Akt kinase
isoforms and instead pointed to isoform specific
functions in different cellular events and diseases. Here
we concentrate on the differential roles played by Akt1
and Akt2 in a variety of cellular processes and in
particular during cancer biogenesis. In this overview, we
illustrate that while Akt1 and 2 are often implicated in
many aspects of cellular transformation, the two
isoforms frequently act in a complementary opposing
manner. Furthermore, Akt1 and Akt2 kinases interact
differentially with modulating proteins and are necessary
in relaying roles during the evolution of cancers from
deregulated growth into malignant metastatic killers.
These different actions of the two isoforms point to the
importance of treatments targeting isoform specific
events in the development of effective approaches
involving Akt kinases in human disease.
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