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High exposure of West Nile virus in equid and wild bird populations in Spain following the epidemic outbreak in 2020

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dc.contributor.authorGarcía Bocanegra, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorFranco, Juan J.
dc.contributor.authorLeón, Clara I.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Miña, María V.
dc.contributor.authorBarbero Moyano, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorFernández Molera, Vicente
dc.contributor.authorGómez, María B.
dc.contributor.authorCano Terriza, David
dc.contributor.authorGonzálvez Juan, Moisés
dc.contributor.departmentSanidad Animal
dc.contributor.otherFacultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-09T12:08:39Z
dc.date.available2026-02-09T12:08:39Z
dc.date.copyright© 2022 The Authors
dc.date.issued2022-10-12
dc.description.abstractA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the circulation and risk factors associated with West Nile virus (WNV) exposure in equine and wild bird populations following the largest epidemic outbreak ever reported in Spain. A total of 305 equids and 171 wild birds were sampled between November 2020 and June 2021. IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were detected by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 44.9% (109/243) and 87.1% (54/62) of unvaccinated and vaccinated equids, respectively. The individual seroprevalence in unvaccinated individuals (calculated on animals seropositive by both bELISA and virus microneutralization test [VNT]) was 38.3% (95%CI: 33.1–43.4). No IgM antibodies were detected in animals tested (0/243; 0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–1.5) by capture-ELISA. The main risk factors associated with WNV exposure in equids were age (adult and geriatric), breed (crossbred) and the absence of a disinsection programme on the facilities. In wild birds, IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were found in 32.7% (56/171; 95%CI: 26.8–38.6) using bELISA, giving an individual WNV seroprevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 14.3–24.3) after VNT. Seropositivity was found in 37.8% of the 37 species analysed. Species group (raptors), age (>1-year old) and size (large) were the main risk factors related to WNV seropositivity in wild birds. Our results indicate high exposure and widespread distribution of WNV in equid and wild bird populations in Spain after the epidemic outbreak in 2020. The present study highlights the need to continue and improve active surveillance programmes for the detection of WNV in Spain, particularly in those areas at greatest risk of virus circulation.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent13
dc.identifier.citationTransboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2022, Vol. 69, pp. 3624–3636
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14733
dc.identifier.eissn1865-1682
dc.identifier.issn1865-1674
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/201804
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationThis research was supported by CIBER – Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red – (CB 2021), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU. M. Gonzálvez was supported by a postdoctoral contract Margarita Salas (University of Murcia) from the Program of Requalification of the Spanish University System (Spanish Ministry of Universities) financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU. J. Barbero-Moyano was supported by FPU grant of the Spanish Ministry of Universities FPU20/00180. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Córdoba/CBUA.
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.14733
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectRisk factors
dc.subjectSpain
dc.subjectSurveillance
dc.subjectWest Nile
dc.subjectWild birds
dc.subjectEquines
dc.subject.odsNo relacionado con ningún objetivo de desarrollo sostenible
dc.titleHigh exposure of West Nile virus in equid and wild bird populations in Spain following the epidemic outbreak in 2020
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublicationes
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd0bfa3a6-c4d2-4225-b663-52987a201884
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd0bfa3a6-c4d2-4225-b663-52987a201884
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