Publication: Percepción sobre la integración de actividades de investigación en Medicina: Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento
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Date
2025
Authors
Mansilla, Santiago ; Zunino, Carlos ; Garau, Mariela ; Radi, Rafael ; Cragno, Alejandro ; Bartesaghi, Silvina
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.673711
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La formación científica es esencial en Medicina para enfrentar los avances del conocimiento y tomar decisiones clínicas basadas en evidencia. Para promover esta competencia, el Plan de Estudios 2008 (Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República) incorporó espacios curriculares para fortalecerla, como los cursos de Metodología Científica I (MCI) y II (MCII), y el Taller de Conferencias Científicas (TCC). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar estos cursos mediante el diseño y validación del “Cuestionario de Percepción sobre la Integración de Actividades de Investigación” (CPIAI). En una primera etapa, 271 estudiantes (cohorte 2022) completaron un cuestionario de 40 ítems sobre los cursos Biología Celular y Molecular (BCM), MCI, MCII y TCC. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA) para identificar su estructura interna. En una segunda etapa, 639 estudiantes (cohorte 2023) completaron el mismo cuestionario, aplicándose análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) y análisis bifactorial exploratorio (EBA) para evaluar la consistencia estructural y la interpretación del puntaje total. El EFA identificó una estructura de cuatro factores, confirmada por el CFA (SRMR = 0,063; RMSEA = 0,079). Las cargas factoriales fueron elevadas y significativas, y la consistencia interna de los factores fue excelente (α de Cronbach ≥ 0,84). El EBA mostró un omega jerárquico (ωh) de 0,78 y una varianza común explicada (ECV) de 0,54, respaldando la existencia de un factor general interpretable como “Integración de conocimiento científico”. Los puntajes obtenidos en los cursos evaluados reflejaron niveles de percepción de integración acordes con los objetivos, metodologías de enseñanza y actividades realizadas en los mismos, siendo los cursos específicamente diseñados para la incorporación de actividades de investigación los que tuvieron puntajes más altos (TCC y MCII). Se observó además un aumento progresivo en la percepción de integración a lo largo del avance de la carrera. Los resultados respaldan la validez y confiabilidad del CPIAI como instrumento para evaluar la percepción de integración de actividades de investigación en estudiantes de Medicina. Asimismo, muestran un impacto positivo de los cursos del Plan 2008 en la formación científica de los estudiantes de Medicina, destacando la relevancia de su incorporación en la carrera.
Scientific training is essential in medicine to address advances in knowledge and make evidence-based clinical decisions. To promote this competency, the 2008 Curriculum (Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic) incorporated curricular spaces to strengthen it, such as the Scientific Methodology I (MCI) and II (MCII) courses, and the Scientific Conference Workshop (TCC). The objective of this work was to evaluate these courses by designing and validating the "Questionnaire on Perceptions of the Integration of Research Activities" (CPIAI). In a first stage, 271 students (cohort 2022) completed a 40-item questionnaire on the courses Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCM), MCI, MCII, and TCC. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify their internal structure. In a second stage, 639 students (cohort 2023) completed the same questionnaire, applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory bifactor analysis (EBA) to assess structural consistency and interpretation of the total score. The EFA identified a four-factor structure, confirmed by the CFA (SRMR = 0.063; RMSEA = 0.079). Factor loadings were high and significant, and the internal consistency of the factors was excellent (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.84). The EBA showed a hierarchical omega (ωh) of 0.78 and an explained common variance (ECV) of 0.54, supporting the existence of a general factor interpretable as "Integration of scientific knowledge." The scores obtained in the evaluated courses reflected levels of perceived integration consistent with the objectives, teaching methodologies, and activities carried out in the courses. The highest scores were those specifically designed for the incorporation of research activities (TCC and MCII). A progressive increase in the perception of integration was also observed throughout the program. The results support the validity and reliability of the CPIAI as an instrument for assessing the perception of integration of research activities in medical students. They also show a positive impact of the 2008 Plan courses on the scientific training of medical students, highlighting the importance of their incorporation into their programs.
Scientific training is essential in medicine to address advances in knowledge and make evidence-based clinical decisions. To promote this competency, the 2008 Curriculum (Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic) incorporated curricular spaces to strengthen it, such as the Scientific Methodology I (MCI) and II (MCII) courses, and the Scientific Conference Workshop (TCC). The objective of this work was to evaluate these courses by designing and validating the "Questionnaire on Perceptions of the Integration of Research Activities" (CPIAI). In a first stage, 271 students (cohort 2022) completed a 40-item questionnaire on the courses Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCM), MCI, MCII, and TCC. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify their internal structure. In a second stage, 639 students (cohort 2023) completed the same questionnaire, applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory bifactor analysis (EBA) to assess structural consistency and interpretation of the total score. The EFA identified a four-factor structure, confirmed by the CFA (SRMR = 0.063; RMSEA = 0.079). Factor loadings were high and significant, and the internal consistency of the factors was excellent (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.84). The EBA showed a hierarchical omega (ωh) of 0.78 and an explained common variance (ECV) of 0.54, supporting the existence of a general factor interpretable as "Integration of scientific knowledge." The scores obtained in the evaluated courses reflected levels of perceived integration consistent with the objectives, teaching methodologies, and activities carried out in the courses. The highest scores were those specifically designed for the incorporation of research activities (TCC and MCII). A progressive increase in the perception of integration was also observed throughout the program. The results support the validity and reliability of the CPIAI as an instrument for assessing the perception of integration of research activities in medical students. They also show a positive impact of the 2008 Plan courses on the scientific training of medical students, highlighting the importance of their incorporation into their programs.
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Citation
Mansilla, S., Zunino, C., Garau, M., Radi, R., Cragno, A., & Bartesaghi, S. (2025). Percepción sobre la integración de actividades de investigación en Medicina: Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento. Revista Española De Educación Médica, 6(4).
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