Publication: Tryptase, CD15 and IL-15 as reliable markers for the determination of soft and hard ligature marks vitality
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Date
2010
Authors
Turillazzi, Emanuela ; Vacchiano, Giuseppe ; Luna Maldonado, Aurelio ; Neri, Margherita ; Pomara, Cristoforo ; Rabozzi, Roberto ; Riezzo, Irene ; Fineschi, Vittorio
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
In forensic practice, it is required to
distinguish between suicidal or accidental hanging and
simulated hanging. Conventional macroscopic and
histological findings may be unreliable; vital signs are
often absent, and they can be produced postmortem. The
application of immunohistochemical techniques opened
up a new field of investigation in the issue of ligature
marks. We investigated the immunohistochemical
expression of a panel of cytokines and inflammatory
cells in skin specimens in autopsy cases of death due to
hanging, to discuss their significance in assessing
whether hanging mark and signs occurred before or after
the death of the victim. We selected 21 cases in which
broad, soft and yielding materials were used and 28
cases in which materials used for hanging were hard.
The control group included the following 21 cases: 14
cases of sudden cardiac death and 7 cases of postmortem
hanging (suspension) of bodies (drug overdose
or suffocation as cause of death in all the cases). An
immunohistochemical investigation of skin samples was
performed utilizing antibodies anti-tryptase, fibronectin,
TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, IL-15, IL-1ß, CD45,
CD4, CD3, CD8, CD68, CD20, CD15. We conclude that
tryptase, IL-15, and CD15 appear to be reliable
parameters in the determination of ligature marks’
vitality with the accuracy needed for forensic purposes.
This fact especially applies to soft marks which are
particularly difficult to evaluate on the basis of gross
examination and of conventional histological studies.
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