Publication: Epithelial stem cells and their possible role in the development of the normal and diseased human breast
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Date
1993
Authors
Rudland, Philip S.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
The developing breasts of peripubescent girls
consist of ducts and budded structures, which can
subdivide to alveolar budsllobules with advancing
maturity and finally to secretory alveoli during
pregnancy and lactation. Immunochemical reagents have
been used to visualize the three major cell types in
histological sections of maturelpregnant breasts, the
epithelial cells which line ductslductules, the smooth
muscle-like myoepithelial cells and the casein-secretory
alveolar cells. Ductal budded structures contain basal
cells intermediate in immunocytochemical staining
characteristics between epithelial and myoepithelial
cells. Immortalization of primary epithelial cultures of
normal breasts by simian virus 40 yields epithelial cell
lines that can differentiate to myoepithelial-like and to
secretory alveolar-like cells; similar cell types are
identifiable in primary cultures. Immunocytochemical
staining shows that both hyperplastic and neoplastic
benign lesions contain myoepithelial-like cells, and,
under suitable hormonal conditions, alveolar-like cells,
but invasive carcinomas contain neither differentiated
cell type. Primary cell cultures of benign hyperplastic
and neoplastic lesions contain epithelial, myoepitheliallike
and presumptive alveolar-like cells whilst malignant
cell fractions of invasive carcinomas contain only
epithelial cells. Spontaneously-immortalized epithelial
cell lines from hyperplastic benign breast disease can
generate myoepithelial-like and alveolar-like cells,
whilst standard epithelial cell lines from pleural
effusions and novel epithelial cell lines from primaries
of invasive carcinomas fail to differentiate to either cell
type. It is suggested that epitheliallintermediate stem
cells exist in a basal position predominantly in terminal
structures of growing breasts, and that they are the major
cell type involved in benign hyperplastic, benign
neoplastic and malignant breast diseases. The acquisition of the malignant phenotype is associated with the
carcinoma cells having a greatly impaired ability to
differentiate to myoepithelial and to alveolar cells.
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