Publication: The S100 proteins for screening and prognostic grading of bladder cancer
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Date
2007
Authors
Yao, R. ; Davidson, D.D. ; López Beltrán, A. ; MacLennan, G.T. ; Montironi, R. ; Cheng, L.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
The S100 gene family, which is composed of
at least 24 members carrying the Ca2+ binding EF-hand
motif, has been implicated in both intracellular and
extracellular functions, including enzyme activities,
immune responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, Ca2+
homeostasis, cell growth and cell differentiation. Altered
S100 protein levels are associated with a broad range of
diseases, including cardiomyopathy, inflammatory and
immune disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and
cancer. Although the precise role of S100 protein in
carcinogenesis is poorly understood, it seems that
formation of homo- and hetero-dimers, binding of Ca2+
and interaction with effector molecules are essential for
the development and progression of many cancers.
Several studies have suggested that S100 proteins
promote cancer progression and metastasis through cell
survival and apoptosis pathways. In animal models of
bladder cancer, several S100 proteins are differentially
expressed in bladder tumors relative to normal
urothelium. In human bladder cancer, overexpression of
S100A4, S100A8 or S100A11 are associated with stage
progression, invasion, metastasis and poor survival. This
review summarizes these findings and evaluates their
implications for human bladder cancer management
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