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Does the anogenital distance change across pregnancy?

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dc.contributor.authorSánchez Ferrer, María Luisa
dc.contributor.authorArense Gonzalo, Julián Jesús
dc.contributor.authorPrieto Sánchez, María Teresa
dc.contributor.authorAlfosea-Marhuenda, Emilia
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Carrascosa, Inmaculada
dc.contributor.authorIniesta, Miguel A.
dc.contributor.authorMendiola Olivares, Jaime
dc.contributor.authorTorres Cantero, Alberto Manuel
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias Sociosanitarias
dc.contributor.otherFacultad de Farmacia
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-27T12:41:12Z
dc.date.available2026-01-27T12:41:12Z
dc.date.copyright© 2020, Elsevier Elsevier its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved
dc.date.issued2020-05-25
dc.description.abstractResearch question: Does the length of the anogenital distance (AGD), an anthropometric biomarker of fetal androgen exposure, change across pregnancy? It has been suggested that AGD remains stable during adulthood with no changes across the menstrual cycle. No studies, however, have been carried out during pregnancy, during which women are exposed to important hormonal and anthropometric variations. Design: A cohort study of 186 singleton pregnant women recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Measurements from the anterior clitoral surface to the upper verge of the anus (AGDAC), and from the posterior fourchette to the upper verge of the anus (AGDAF) and body mass index (BMI) were obtained in each trimester. Generalized linear model for repeated measures was carried out to assess differences in AGDs and BMI across the three trimesters of the pregnancy. Results: In crude analyses, AGDAC was progressively and significantly longer as the pregnancy developed (first trimester: 87.69 ± 13.14mm; second trimester: 89.69 ± 13.47mm; third trimester: 91.95 ± 13.25 mm; P < 0.001), whereas AGDAF did not significantly change throughout pregnancy (first trimester: 28.37 ± 6.94 mm; second trimester: 28.09 ± 7.66 mm; third trimester: 28.94 ± 6.7 mm). In the multivariable mixed-effect models for fixed effect (trimester) and time-covariate (BMI), AGDs did not show significant associations with trimesters of pregnancy when BMI was included in the model. Conclusions: Our results suggest that AGDAF and AGDAC, when adjusted by BMI, do not change throughout gestation despite maternal anthropometric variations during pregnancy. AGDAF may be a meaningful measurement at any time during pregnancy without considering BMI. Therefore, maternal AGDAF may be used as a prenatal biomarker of the mother's in-uteru hormonal exposure even during pregnancy.
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dc.identifier.citationReprod Biomed Online. 2020 Sep;41(3):527-533
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.009
dc.identifier.eissn1472-6491
dc.identifier.issn1472-6483
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/195029
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationThis work was supported by The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII (AES), grant No. PI13/01237; and The Seneca Foundation, Murcia Regional Agency of Science and Technology, grant No. 19443/PI/14.
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472648320302777?via%3Dihub
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subjectClinical applications
dc.subjectPregnancy
dc.subjectAnogenital distance
dc.subject.odsNo relacionado con ningún objetivo de desarrollo sostenible
dc.titleDoes the anogenital distance change across pregnancy?
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublicationes
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