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Serological and molecular survey of canine distemper virus in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): exploring cut-off values and the use of protein A in ELISA tests

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dc.contributor.authorMuñoz Hernández, Clara
dc.contributor.authorWipf, A.
dc.contributor.authorOrtega Hernández, Nieves
dc.contributor.authorBarberá, Gonzalo G.
dc.contributor.authorSalinas Lorente, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorGonzálvez Juan, Moisés
dc.contributor.authorMartínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Candela, Mónica
dc.contributor.departmentSanidad Animal
dc.contributor.otherFacultad de Veterinaria
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-30T08:25:43Z
dc.date.available2024-01-30T08:25:43Z
dc.date.copyright© 2023 The Author(s)
dc.date.issued2023-11-10
dc.description.abstractThe wide distribution and ecological plasticity of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) make it a potential reservoir for many infectious diseases shared with domestic and wild carnivores. One of such diseases is canine distemper, which is caused by an RNA virus and its main domestic reservoir is the dog. However, other carnivores can also participate in its maintenance, as shown by the recent upsurge of reported cases in wildlife in many parts of the world, and by the fact that red foxes may act as true reservoirs for canine distemper virus (CDV). The lack of validated serological tests for wildlife or other non-target species may be a handicap for monitoring this virus. In this study, serological assays were compared in 147 red fox sera using a commercial ELISA validated for its use in dogs and a non-specific modified ELISA with Protein A peroxidase conjugate to detect bound antibodies. In addition, the presence of CDV RNA in brain, spleen, lung, and liver samples from 144 foxes was investigated by a RT-qPCR. Through the comparison of the results of both ELISAs and the use of a finite mixture model of the optical density values obtained by both techniques, we adjusted the cut-off point of the commercial ELISA to obtain the seroprevalence in foxes. The overall seroprevalence detected was 53.7% (79/147) and 57.1% (84/147) by the commercial and modified ELISA, respectively, with a moderate agreement according to Cohen’s Kappa statistic (κ = 0.491, z = 5.97, p < 0.0001). CDV RNA was detected in 30 out of 144 foxes, which resulted in 20.8% of CDV-infected foxes. At individual level, the results obtained by relating the serological status and the presence/absence of RNA in different organs were explained in terms of the pathogenesis of the infection. Our results highlight the convenience of adjusting the cut-off point when using an ELISA assay developed in domestic dogs for its use in foxes. Moreover, Protein A is confirmed to be a good alternative to be used in red foxes, presenting a good reactivity towards its IgG.es
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dc.format.extent8es
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106075
dc.identifier.eisbnPreventive Veterinary Medicine 221 (2023) 106075es
dc.identifier.eissn1873-1716
dc.identifier.issn0167-5877
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/138082
dc.languageenges
dc.publisherElsevieres
dc.relationThis study was funded by Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia (Spain), through the Regional Program for the Promotion of Research (Action Plan 2019) of the Seneca Foundation, Science and Technology Agency of the Region of Murcia, Grant/Award Number: 20952/PI/18. C. Muñoz-Hernández was beneficiary of a postdoctoral contract funded by the “Programa Regional de Talento Investigador y su Empleabilidad de la Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia y del Fondo Social Europeo” during the fieldwork and laboratorial analyses. C. Muñoz-Hernández and M. Gonzálvez were supported by postdoctoral contracts Margarita Salas (University of Murcia) from the Program of Requalification of the Spanish University System (Spanish Ministry of Universities) financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.es
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587723002398
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectProtein Aes
dc.subjectELISAes
dc.subjectVulpes vulpeses
dc.subjectMorbilliviruses
dc.subjectWildlifees
dc.subject.otherCDU::5 - Ciencias puras y naturales::57 - Biología::574 - Ecología general y biodiversidades
dc.subject.otherCDU::5 - Ciencias puras y naturales::57 - Biología::579 - Microbiologíaes
dc.subject.otherCDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::636 - Veterinaria. Explotación y cría de animales. Cría del ganado y de animales domésticoses
dc.titleSerological and molecular survey of canine distemper virus in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): exploring cut-off values and the use of protein A in ELISA testses
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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