Publication: Mesenchymal stem cell - based tissue
engineering strategies for repair of articular cartilage
Authors
Ahmed, Tamer A.E. ; Hincke, Maxwell T.
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Publisher
F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Restoration of articular cartilage function and
structure following pathological or traumatic damage is
still considered a challenging problem in the orthopaedic
field. Currently, tissue engineering-based reconstruction
of articular cartilage is a feasible and continuously
developing strategy to restore structure and function.
Successful articular cartilage tissue engineering strategy
relies largely on several essential components including
cellular component, supporting 3D carrier scaffolding
matrix, bioactive agents, proper physical stimulants, and
safe gene delivery. Designing the right formulations
from these components remain the main concern of the
orthopaedic community. Utilization of mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) for articular cartilage tissue
engineering is continuously increasing compared to use
of chondrocytes. Various sources of MSCs have been
investigated including adipose tissue, amniotic fluid,
blood, bone marrow, dermis, embryonic stem cells,
infrapatellar fat pad, muscle, periosteum, placenta,
synovium, trabecular bone, and umbilical cord. MSCs
derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord are
currently in different phases of clinical trials. A wide
range of matrices have been investigated to develop
tissue engineering - based strategies including
carbohydrate-based scaffolds (agarose, alginate,
chitosan/chitin, and hyaluronate), protein-based
scaffolds (collagen, fibrin, and gelatin), and artificial
polymers (polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poly(lacticco-glycolic
acid), polyethylene glycol, and polycaprolactone).
Collagen - based scaffolds and
photopolymerizable PEG - based scaffolds are currently
in different phases of clinical trials. TGF-ß1, TGF-ß3,
BMP-2, and hypoxic environment are the recommended
bioactive agents to induce optimum chondrogenesis of
MSCs, while TGF-ß1, TGF-ß3, SOX-9, BMP-2, and
BMP-7 genes are the best candidate for gene delivery to
MSCs. Electromagnetic field and the combination of
shear forces/dynamic compression are the best
maturation-promoting physical stimulants.
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Citation
Histology and Histopathology, vol. 29, nº 6, (2014)
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