Investigación

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https://hdl.handle.net/10201/51

Investigación contiene los documentos generados por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad en su labor de investigación. Este depósito tiene como objetivos el almacenamiento, la gestión, la preservación y la difusión de estos documentos, y pretende contribuir al aumento de la visibilidad del trabajo desarrollado por los miembros de la comunidad universitaria.

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Open Access
A quality of life index for Spanish Regions: a dynamic application of the DP2 distance method
(Universidad de Almería, 2025-06-23) Esteban Yago, Miguel; Buendia Azorín, José Daniel; Sánchez de la Vega, José Carlos; Economía Aplicada
This study proposes the construction of a composite Life Quality Index (LQI) for Spain’s autonomous communities and cities using a dynamic version of the DP2 distance, originally developed by Pena-Trapero (1977). This methodology offers several advantages: (1) it enables both cross-sectional and temporal comparisons across territorial units; (2) it applies an objective weighting criterion; and (3) it eliminates redundant information among indicators. The results reveal that the LQI displays significant cyclical sensitivity, highlighting substantial differences across dimensions in both levels and trends. Moreover, the study underscores the need to expand the informational basis for certain dimensions such as Education, Leisure and Social Relations, Governance and Fundamental Rights, and General Life Experience.
Open Access
A systematic literature review of the phenomenon of disinformation and misinformation
(Cogitatio Press, 2023-04-28) Pérez Escolar, Marta; Lilleker, Darren; Tapia‐Frade, Alejandro; Comunicación; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
Disinformation threatens the virtue of knowledge. The notion of truth becomes corrupted when citizens believe and give credibility to false, inaccurate, or misleading messages. This situation is particularly relevant in the digital age, where users of media platforms are exposed to different sorts of persuasive statements with uncertain origins and a lack of authenticity. How does academia understand the disinformation problem, and are we equipped to offer solutions? In response to this question, our study provides an overview of the general definitions, trends, patterns, and developments that represent the research on disinformation and misinformation. We conducted a systematic review of N = 756 publications covering eight years, 2014–2022. This period captures phenomena such as Trump’s emergence as a candidate for the US presidency, his term in office, as well as the leadership of figures such as Erdogan in Turkey, Bolsonaro in Brazil, Modi in India, and various similar populist and nationalist leaders across a range of democratic and semi‐democratic societies. This period is also one that witnessed the first global pandemic, when misinformation and disinformation not only threatened societal cohesion but the lives of people. This systematic review explores the critical terminology used, the areas of social life where disinformation is identified as problematic, the sources identified as creating or circulating this material, as well as the channels studied, the targets, and the persuasiveness of the discourse. What this article offers, then, is an overview of what we know about disinformation and what gaps in research should be pursued. We conclude that given the problems that misinformation and disinformation are seen to cause for democratic societies, we need to assess the contribution of social science in providing a foundation for scientific knowledge.
Open Access
Abu, déjame que pinte tu cuento: un proyecto intergeneracional de educación artística
(Área de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica de la Universidad del País Vasco, 2024-11-22) Colomina Molina, María Teresa; López Martínez, María Dolores; Mesas Escobar, Eva Cristina; Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica
Las artes son un vehículo de encuentro y diálogo entre personas. Con la pandemia de la Covid-19 las relaciones sociales y familiares disminuyen debido al confinamiento. Desde esta perspectiva surge el proyecto: Abu, déjame que pinte tu cuento, concedido por el Ayuntamiento de Murcia en la convocatoria de Reactivos Culturales. La iniciativa consistió en la realización de un mapa virtual tras recopilar obras artísticas infantiles generadas a partir de historias narradas por sus abuelos y abuelas sobre un suceso vivido en diversos lugares de la ciudad de Murcia. La finalidad principal fue incorporar la mediación artística como herramienta de inclusión social, participación y diálogo intergeneracional en un entorno virtual. La intervención se fundamentó en una metodología de investigación basada en las historias de vida biográfico-narrativas y en la etnografía visual. La experiencia ha demostrado cómo las imágenes ayudan a generar vínculos emocionales con el patrimonio y que las prácticas artísticas colaborativas son un vehículo para la democracia cultural e interrelación activa entre ciudadanos de diferentes generaciones.
Open Access
An application of structural equation modeling with partial least squares to analyze life satisfaction by degrees of urbanization.
(AIMS Press, 2024-08-05) Sánchez-Martí, José A.; Esteban Yago, Miguel; Economía Aplicada
The objective conditions of people’s lives have historically played a greater role than subjective perceptions. However, this trend is shifting, accompanied by an ongoing debate about life satisfaction and urbanization. This research has two objectives, the first is to test the hypothesis of the urban paradox. The second is to analyze the differences in the determinants of life satisfaction by urbanization levels. In order to determine the degrees of urbanization, a geographic grid was used to distinguish between rural, intermediate, and urban areas. In addition, a multi-group analysis in structural equation models with partial least squares was conducted to analyze the determinants of life satisfaction. The model has been developed using three general determinants: economic situation, health, and social relations, which has been applied to a case study of the Region of Murcia. The database used for this study includes 2462 samples. The population living in rural areas showed less life satisfaction. Regarding the determinants, it was found that health acts as a partial mediator of social relations. Differences were also observed in the intensity of the determinants according to the degree of urbanization. Thus, the degree of urbanization acts as a moderator of life satisfaction. This research is noteworthy because it provides valuable insights for guiding regional public policies.
Open Access
Analysing public debt in the Mexican states: Spatial convergence, regional drivers and policy recommendations
(Wiley, 2023-08-21) Cifuentes Faura, Javier; Simionescu, Mihaela; Ciencia Política, Antropología Social y Hacienda Pública; Facultad de Economía y Empresa
Considering that public debt is a priority for policymakers in Mexico, the aim of this paper is to examine the convergence or divergence in debt per capita and main drivers of debt in the 32 Mexican states in the period 2006-2021. The results support significant spatial correlation of debt/cap across states. Cross-section and spatial dynamic regressions are used to analyse absolute and conditional beta-convergence in debt per capita, and the divergence assumption is documented. The panel data models based on the method-of-moments quantile models and pooled mean group estimators indicate that poverty is the main determinant of debt, whereas foreign direct investment is insufficient to support the reduction in debt in the long run. These results provide evidence for a set of policy recommendations to ensure a sustainable debt path in Mexico.
Open Access
Aproximación a la prostitución, la trata y la explotación sexual en el municipio de Cartagena
(2022-12-01) Cánovas Martínez, Juan José; Clemente Soler, Juan Antonio; García Luque, Olga; Gómez Garrido, Aurora; Haz Gómez, Francisco Eduardo; Hernández Pedreño, Manuel; Manzanera Román, Salvador; López Carmona, Diego Pascual; Piqueras Infante, Andrés; Romero Ruiz, Carmen; Romero Sánchez, Eduardo; Sánchez Alcoba, Antonia; Teoría e Historia de la Educación; Sociología
Open Access
Aproximación histórica, demográfica y antropológica al Pueblo Gitano
(2019-12-01) José Francisco Caselles Pérez; Romero Sánchez, Eduardo; Teoría e Historia de la Educación
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Artivismo y construcción de ciudadanía. Manifestaciones creativas del movimiento vecinal pro-soterramiento del tren AVE en Murcia
(Icono14, 0018) Borisova Fedotova, Anna; Tejeda Martín, Isabel; Bellas Artes; Tejeda Martín, Isabel; Chaves Martín, Miguel Ángel
Open Access
Assessing Italy’s Severino Law: impacts on corruption control and inequality
(Springer Nature, 2025-09-22) Laura Policardo; Edgar Sanchez-Carrera; López Gómez, Laura; Economía Aplicada
The evaluation of public policies is an increasingly important issue that demands greater attention. This study examines the impact of the Severino Law (2012) on corruption control and inequality in Italy. Using a robust quantitative approach for the period 2002–2022, we apply diference-in-diferences (DiD), the synthetic control method (SCM), and a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model. Our fndings indicate that while the law signifcantly improved corruption control—albeit with a delayed efect—it did not reduce inequality as anticipated, which instead continued to rise. This outcome stands in contrast to the predictions of much of the empirical literature. The results suggest that the direct efects of corruption control on inequality can be highly idiosyncratic and do not operate in a linear or isolated manner. Rather, they depend on the extent to which corrupt behaviors are reduced and on the presence of complementary policies beyond anti-corruption reforms to efectively address structural inequality.
Open Access
Attitudes toward school violence against LGBTQIA+. A qualitative study
(MDPI, 2021-10-29) Pina, David; Marín Talón, María Catalina; López López, Reyes; Martínez Sánchez, Ainhoa; Cormos, Lucía Simina; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Abacea, Begoña; Martínez Jarreta, Begoña; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School climate is one of the main concerns in terms of research and intervention worldwide. Although it can be directed toward any student, some groups seem to be more vulnerable, as is the case of the LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex +) students, among others. Attitudes toward violence are a construct of particular importance for action plans focused on improving school coexistence. The aim of this study is to examine attitudes toward school violence against LGBTQIA+ students and their relationship with violent behaviors. For this purpose, 96 Spanish students of Spanish elementary education (PE) and compulsory secondary education (CSE) participated in this qualitative study through focus groups for its subsequent thematic analysis. The results identify four types of attitudes toward violence, such as the use of violence as a form of fun, to feel better, when it is perceived as legitimate, and as a way of relating to the LGBTQIA+ community. In addition, a greater number of negative attitudes and violent behaviors toward homosexual boys and transgender minors are observed.
Open Access
Attitudes towards school violence based on aporophobia. A qualitative study
(Frontiers Media, 2022-12-23) Pina, David; Marín Talón, María Catalina; López López, Reyes; Martínez Andreu, Lucía; Puente López, Esteban; Ruiz Hernández, José Antonio; Psiquiatría y Psicología Social
School violence is a worldwide problem. Among the variables that influence its frequency, perceived socioeconomic status seems to be associated with a higher risk of exposure to violence and attitudes toward violence. The aim of this study is to examine attitudes toward violence based on socioeconomic discrimination (aporophobia) and its relationship with violent behaviors in the school context. For this purpose, 96 Spanish students of Primary Education (PE) and Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) participated in this qualitative study through focus groups and thematic analysis. The results identified three types of attitudes toward violence directed toward those who are perceived as members of a lower status. The attitudes observed are related to self-esteem or feeling better, legitimization and socialization.
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Aux origines d’une incompréhension culturelle : Kultur vs civilisation
(Frank & Timme, 2025) Goberna Falque, Juan Ramón; Traducción e Interpretación; Facultad de Letras
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Bullshit and lies? How british and spanish political leaders add to our information disorder
(2023-11-02) Lilleker, Darren; Pérez Escolar, Marta; Comunicación; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
Within what is known as the post-truth era, politicians strategically trade in alternative interpretations of data, make bold populist claims and on occasions be completely dishonest for party political gains. Such practices coincide with ever-declining trust in politicians and the democratic system, a phenomenon common to both Spain and the UK. We enquire whether public mistrust is deserved exploring the extent party leaders employ misinformation as part of their strategic communication. The paper analyses falsehoods made by political leaders as determined by major fact-checking sites EFE Verifica and Newtral in Spain, and the UK’s BBC Reality Check and Full Fact. We categorise falsehoods as misinformation, alternative facts, bullshit or lies. Results show right-wing parties most responsible for all forms of falsehoods, or they are most likely to face analysis from factcheckers. Falsehoods are used by governments defending their policies, but also by oppositions to attack the government; especially alternative facts. The overwhelming majority of policy attacks based on false information are from opposition parties, particularly Spanish parties on the right. The flagrant use of bullshit and lies, while simultaneously calling out their more mainstream opponents for similar practices, poisons the notion of democratic pluralism and makes low public trust seem perfectly justified.
Open Access
Burden of disability in children and adolescents must be integrated into the global health agenda
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2021-03-18) Cieza, Alarcos; Kamenov, Kaloyan; Gacto Sánchez, Mariano Luis; Balasegaram, Mangai; Chatterji, Somnath; Lincetto, Ornella; Servili, Chiara; Bermejo, Raoul; Ross, David; Fisioterapia
Disability has low priority in the general agenda of child and adolescent health. Although one billion people have some form of disability, people with disability are among the world’s most marginalised and discriminated against groups. Driven by global goals, most countries have focused primarily on reducing childhood mortality, leaving disability low in their priorities. Few countries provide adequate quality services. There are at least three good reasons why countries urgently need to tackle this. Firstly, the number of people living with disability is set to increase dramatically because of epidemiological and demographic trends, such as the relatively young populations of low income countries. These trends are usually considered in terms of increasing disability among older people with chronic conditions, rather than among children. With child survival increasing but not all children who survive being able to thrive, more children will need health services to optimise their developmental outcomes. However, most health systems lack capacity to deal with current needs of children with disability, let alone meet the rising demand. Secondly, children with disability often need specific rehabilitation services related to their impairment or disability. Rehabilitation interventions—which can tackle impairments, functioning limitations, and restrictions such as mobility, vision, and cognition—can have a profound impact on functioning and wellbeing. Rehabilitation is often required for considerable periods of time. The limited evidence available shows major gaps and unmet needs for such services, particularly in low income countries. Lastly, access to appropriate care is a fundamental human right. Children with disability repeatedly face barriers to care, including physical ones, causing much suffering, hardship, and isolation. But the greatest obstacles they encounter are negative or ill informed attitudes. Without a shift in attitudes, it is likely that they will continue to be denied access to care by health providers.
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Communication issues during triage in a paediatric emergency department: Nurses' perspectives
(John Benjamins B.V., 2020) Foulquié Rubio, Ana Isabel; Dolores Beteta Fernández; Traducción e Interpretación; Ineke H. M. Crezee; Eva N. S. Ng; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Letras
This chapter presents the results of a questionnaire-based study carried out in the paediatric emergency department of one of the main hospitals in the Region of Murcia (south-eastern Spain). It explores the perceptions of the triage nurses who communicate with immigrant children and their families, and the current solutions being applied to address those communication needs. The results show that nurses experience mainly linguistic difficulties when communicating with non-Spanish-speaking patients and their families, and that informal, ad hoc solutions are the order of the day.
Open Access
Concepts for historical and geographical thinking in Sweden’s and Spain’s Primary Education curricula
( Springer Nature, 2020-09-28) Moreno Vera, Juan Ramón; Alvén, Fredrik; Didáctica de las Ciencias Matemáticas y Sociales; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Educación
The goal of this study is to compare the presence of concepts for historical and geographical thinking in the national curricula for Primary Education in Spain and Sweden in order to analyze if these thinking concepts can enable new active learning methodologies in the Social Science classroom. The comparative study is based on a qualitative investigation using a horizontal evaluation instrument (international compared analysis). Compared items were divided in four dimensions: 1. curriculum structure—subjects, timetable, compulsory, ratio, etc.-, 2. educational methodologies—project-based learning, research, practical lessons-, 3. Objectives and evaluation—aims, evaluation criteria, standards-, and 4. Contents—conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal. The results show that, despite a different structure for the history and geography subjects in Primary Education, neither of the two curricula present historical and geographical thinking concepts as a fundamental aim for Primary Education and, at the same time, the low presence of these thinking concepts is linked to traditional teaching models still based on positivism and memorization.
Open Access
Demonising migrants in contexts of extremism: analysis of hate speech in UK and Spain
(Cogitatio Press, 2023-05-17) Lilleker, Darren; Pérez Escolar, Marta; Comunicación; Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
Hate speech has been seen as a problem within democratic societies that has been exacerbated by social media. While platforms claim to moderate content, this proves impossible. Studying popular platforms in the UK and Spain and examining content within community pages dedicated to right-wing parties, we use framing analysis to identify the predominant frames in user comments that contained hate speech against migrants. Our research demonstrates a frequent use of arguments that encourage xenophobic and discriminatory attitudes to flourish. Specifically, we find that immigrants are commonly framed as potential criminals, people who steal resources and erode norms of the dominant culture and traditions. The fact that these frames are commonly used is worrying and indicates xenophobic attitudes exist within both societies under study. However, it is difficult to imagine regulatory systems that would prevent these attitudes from being expressed. Rather, we argue that it is more important to focus on correcting the conditions that cause such attitudes to take hold within a society.
Open Access
Detección automática de errores lingüísticos en textos clínicos: análisis de patrones de error en varias especialidades médicas
(Tremédica, 2021) López Hernández, Jésica; Almela, Ángela; Lengua Española, Lingüistica General; Filología Inglesa; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Letras
El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar el primer análisis cuantitativo de tipos de errores contenidos en un corpus formado por informes clínicos en español. Se han analizado informes clínicos pertenecientes a las especialidades de urgencias, uci, psiquiatría y cirugía general. Los errores fueron estudiados teniendo en cuenta criterios como distancia de edición, tipo de error o existencia de multierror en la palabra. Para tal cometido, se desarrolló una herramienta de identificación y clasificación de errores, se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas y se compararon los resultados con trabajos previos sobre patrones de errores. Los resultados indican que el tipo de error más frecuente es el de omisión de tilde y la mayoría de los errores ocurren a distancia de edición 1, entre parejas de caracteres con similitudes fonéticas y parejas de caracteres adyacentes en el teclado.
Open Access
Determinantes sociales y enfermedad covid-19. El proyecto comunitario de Totana
(Universidad de Murcia, Observatorio de la Exclusión Social, 2021-12-01) García Luque, Olga; Haz Gómez, Francisco Eduardo; Hernández Pedreño, Manuel; López Carmona, Diego Pascual; Romero Ruiz, Carmen; Romero Sánchez, Eduardo; Solórzano Pérez, Gustavo; Teoría e Historia de la Educación; Sociología
La Organización Mundial de la Salud declara el 11 de marzo de 2020 la situación de pandemia, derivada del avance de contagios de la enfermedad covid-19. A nivel mundial, a 31 de enero de 2021, se superan los cien millones de contagios y los dos millones de fallecidos. España se acerca a los tres millones de personas contagiadas y a los 60 mil fallecidos, siendo la situación por autonomías muy dispar, y encontrándose la Región de Murcia en una posición intermedia, aunque con elevadas tasas de incidencia acumulada en algunos municipios, como es el caso de Totana. En septiembre de 2020 se inicia en esta localidad un proyecto de intervención comunitaria promovido por el Servicio Murciano de Salud y ejecutado por el CORECAAS (Coordinación regional estratégica para la cronicidad avanzada y la atención sociosanitaria). En este marco de intervención se considera apropiada la colaboración del Observatorio de la Exclusión Social de la Universidad de Murcia, con objeto de realizar un estudio de campo que analice las situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y epidemiológica que se concentran en la población de Totana y sus vínculos con las altas tasas de contagio. La investigación desarrolla una metodología mixta, combinando tres fuentes de información primarias: la encuesta, a trabajadores y trabajadoras de una empresa local frutícola; la entrevista en profundidad, a hogares en especial situación de riesgo social; y un grupo de discusión con profesionales de distintas áreas de intervención (social, laboral, salud, seguridad y protección). Se concluye que la vulnerabilidad es el resultado de dinámicas sociales donde confluyen múltiples desventajas en distintos ámbitos, siendo los de mayor riesgo en Totana el laboral-económico y el residencial; a lo que se añade, para la población extranjera, una menor red de apoyo familiar y/o situaciones de irregularidad. Esta elevada vulnerabilidad conlleva importantes repercusiones, sociales e individuales, que generan inseguridad y pobreza estructural en ciertos colectivos, dificultando las posibilidades de prevención y/o aislamiento. El estudio ofrece una serie de propuestas para reducir los riesgos de contagio derivados de las deficientes condiciones sociales, destacando la importancia de aplicar abordajes comunitarios, con intervenciones holísticas, desde distintas áreas (rentas, salud, empleo o vivienda), que permitan coordinar las actuaciones de los diferentes niveles territoriales (nacional, regional y local).
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Determinants of consumer attributions of Corporate Social Responsibility
(Springer, 2015-02-25) Marín Rives, Longinos; Cuestas Díaz, Pedro Jesús; Román Nicolás, Sergio; Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados
Prior research has found attributions to mediate the relationship between the elements of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and consumer responses to firms; however, the question of what variables determine consumer attributions of CSR remains partially unaddressed. This article analyzes why consumers make attributions of CSR that are either positive (values-driven or strategic motives), or negative (stakeholder-driven or egoistic motives). The results obtained from two empirical studies (n = 197, n = 222) indicate that company–cause fit, corporate ability, and interpersonal trust have a positive influence on the motives that consumers attribute to CSR, whereas corporate hypocrisy has a negative effect. This research contributes to our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying impactful consumer judgments and provides guidance for organizations in responding to such evaluations.