Browsing by Subject "Yak"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Age-related changes in the morphology and the distribution of IgA and IgG in the palatine tonsils of yaks (Bos grunniens)
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Sun, Juan; Xu, Yuanfang; Cui, Yan; Liu, Penggang; Yu, Sijiu; He, Junfeng; Zhang, Qiang; Huang, Yufeng; Yang, Xue
    This study aimed to describe the age-related morphological changes and the distribution of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in yaks. The palatine tonsils of twenty clinically healthy yaks, viz. newborn juvenile, adult and aged, were studied using histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the palatine tonsils found in two tonsillar sinus were elongated kidney-shaped structures. Some external crypts and internal crypts were present. The palatine tonsils were partially enclosed by a connective tissue capsule and had trabeculae extending into the organ. Within these encapsulated organs, mucous glands were seen very obviously. Each crypt was highly branched and lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. Several nonepithelial cells infiltrated between the epithelial cells, forming patches of reticular epithelium or lymphoepithelium. In newborn yaks, the lymphoid follicles were not observed. In other groups, the lymphoid follicles consisted of primary lymphoid follicles and secondary lymphoid follicles. Both IgA and IgG ASCs were distributed in the interfollicular areas, lymphoid follicles, the subepithelial areas of the nonreticular crypt epithelium, and the reticular crypt epithelium, with a few positive cells aggregated around the gland. The density of the two ASCs and the expression of the two proteins gradually increased from newborn to adult and reached a peak at adult age; they then decreased with age. However, the density of the IgG ASCs and the expression of IgG protein was significantly higher than that of IgA in all groups (P<0.01). The results indicated that the palatine tonsils were not only lymphoepithelial structures but also typical secondary lymphoid organs. IgG could be a significant component of mucosal immune responses in the palatine tonsils of yaks.
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    Comparison of histological characteristics and expression of CD3 and CD79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (Bos grunniens)
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Huang, Yufeng; Cui, Yan; Yu, Sijiu; He, Junfeng; He, Yanyu; Zhang, Qian; Liu, Penggang; Pu, Yanhuan; Sun, Juan; Kang, Xinhua
    This experiment compared the histological characteristics and distribution of CD3 and CD79a among yak lymph nodes, hemal nodes and spleen. The three organs from ten clinically healthy newborn and adult yaks were studied using histology and immunohistochemistry. The yak hemal nodes, which consisted of blood sinuses, lymphoid follicles, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid cords, appeared to share the histological characteristics of the spleen and lymph nodes: the lymphoid follicles of the hemal nodes were much like those of the lymph nodes, which were not surrounded by the central artery and periarteriolar lymphoid sheath. The lymphoid cords of the hemal node, which contained many erythrocytes, were much like the splenic cords. The sinuses of the hemal nodes had a similar structure to the lymph sinuses of the lymph nodes but were engorged with erythrocytes rather than lymph as in the lymph nodes. Interestingly, the splenic sinuses of yak were of two different types: the sinuses with obvious endothelial cells or those consisting of reticular cells. The CD3+ cells were mainly located in the paracortex area and medulla of the lymph nodes, the diffuse lymphoid tissues of the hemal nodes, and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths and red pulp of the spleen. Most CD79a+ cells were mainly detected in the lymphoid follicles of all examined lymphoid organs. The results suggested that although the three organs had specific characteristics, in some respects, they had similar organizational structural characteristics and immune functions. These may be useful to better understand the relationship between the morphology and function of these organs and provide useful references for normal yak lymphoid organs.
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    Differential expression of HIF-1α and its hypoxia-related inducers in the spleens of plateau yaks and plain yellow cattle
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Zhou, Manlin; Dong, Shihui; Wang, Jun; Luo, Xuehui; Li, Rui; Zhang, Yiyang; Ding, Haie; Tan, Xiao; Qiao, Zilin; Yang, Kun; Chen, Weiji
    The present study aims to investigate the distribution and expression characteristics of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and IL-4 in the spleen of plateau yaks and plain yellow cattle and to speculate the possible regulatory role of HIF-1α and its related hypoxia-inducible factors in the adaptation of the yak spleen to the plateau hypoxic environment. Histological features were observed using H&E and PAS stains. Immunohistochemical staining and optical density analysis were applied to investigate the distribution and differences in the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and IL-4 in the spleen of yaks and cattle. The results showed that the area of splenic trabeculae and splenic nodules was significantly larger in the yak than in yellow cattle (P<0.05). Glycogen was mainly distributed in splenic arterial endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, splenic blood sinusoidal endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and the distribution was significantly higher in the spleen of yaks than in cattle (P<0.05). HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and IL-4 were mainly expressed in lymphocytes, arterial endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, splenic blood sinusoidal endothelial cells, and fibroblast cytoplasm, with higher expression in yak spleen (P<0.05). In conclusion, combining the differences in spleen tissue structure, glycogen distribution, and expression distribution of several hypoxia-related factors between yaks and cattle, we suggest that HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and IL-4 may be important factors in the adaptation of yak spleen to the plateau environment, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the adaptation mechanism of plateau hypoxia in yaks.