Browsing by Subject "Volleyball"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 25
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    An analysis of hemoglobin levels and body fat percentage on leg power in volleyball athletes
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2025) Handaka, Riky Dwi; Majid, Nur Cholis; Miftachurochmah, Yulvia; Fauzi; Sin departamento asociado
    This study aimed to determine the possible relationship between fat percentage and hemoglobin levels on leg power levels. It employed an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling, with the sample studied involving 24 male volleyball athletes aged under 22 years. Hemoglobin was assessed using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Body fat percentage was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis with the Omron Karada Scan HBF-358, while leg power was evaluated using the vertical jump test. The results indicated a strong negative relationship between the percentage of body fat and leg power (p=0.002; r=-.610), and a strong positive relationship between hemoglobin levels and leg power (p=0.001; r=0.613). The study demonstrated that a higher body fat percentage is associated with high power levels. In contrast, elevated hemoglobin concentrations are also positively related to power, indicating that both oxygen-carrying capacity and body composition may influence muscular performance.
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    Análisis notacional de las acciones de juego realizadas por jugadoras de voleibol en competición universitaria
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Medina Carrillo, Javier; García Tormo, J. Vicente; Morante Rábago, Juan Carlos; Rodríguez Marroyo, José A.
    En los últimos años son numerosos los trabajos de investigación que han aplicado el análisis notacional al estudio del comportamiento técnico-táctico de los deportistas en contextos naturales de competición. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el tipo de acciones realizadas en función del rol de juego desempeñado por jugadoras de voleibol durante la competición. Aplicando principios de análisis notacional se analizaron un total de 19635 acciones, correspondientes a 3 sets de cada uno de los 8 equipos que participaron en el Campeonato de España Universitario de Voleibol en categoría Femenina. Para la obtención de los datos se elaboraron instrumentos ad hoc de observación y registro. Dentro de las acciones realizadas por los diferentes roles de juego específicos, la central llevó a cabo más acciones de bloqueo (25,4%), la colocadora de colocación (31,6%), y la receptora, líbero y opuesta de defensa (38,5, 40,6 y 42,9%, respectivamente). El conocimiento de las acciones realizadas por las jugadoras es de gran ayuda para la optimización del rendimiento, ya que permite el diseño de tareas específicas en función del rol de las jugadoras.
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    Analysis of sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Muhammad, Abdulla Ahmad; Korsheed, Ahmed Seerwan
    This study aimed to analyse sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research community consisted of 400 students of the third stage of the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Universities of Kirkuk and Tikrit for the academic year 2022-2023. The research sample included 80 students who were randomly selected. The researchers used an ad-hoc questionnaire as a means to collect the information and data. The statistical analyses were carried out with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. Considering the results of the study, the researchers concluded that the most common sports injuries during volleyball lessons in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences are sprains and muscle contractions (muscle spasm). The injuries on the lower extremities (ankle, knee, thigh and leg) were the most frequent injuries compared to the injuries of the upper extremity (upper limbs, abdomen and shoulder).
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    Analysis of the amount of lost fluids, some blood components and mineral salts in volleyball under hot weather conditions
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Badwi Shbeeb, Huda; Saeed Almousawi, Suhad Qasim; Mousa Jawad, Sundus
    The research objective was to study the amount of lost fluids, some blood components and mineral salts in volleyball players under hot weather conditions. The sample of the present study was composed of 12 volleyball players of Al-Sinaa Club (Baghdad, Iraq) in the 2022/2023 season. The variables analyzed in this study were: Heart rate before and after exercise, internal and external body temperature before and after exertion, potassium ion, sodium ion, calcium ion, and the amount of fluid lost (the player's weight) before and after the exercise. The tests were conducted at a temperature between 42-47 degrees Celsius. The maximum anaerobic exercise was performed with volleyball. The results showed that to play volleyball under hot weather conditions (42-47 degrees Celsius) significantly increased the following variables in volleyball players: heart rate, external body temperature, internal body temperature, sodium ion and calcium ion. However, potassium ion significantly decreased. Therefore, training in hot weather has positive physical repercussions. The authors recommend to train in different weather conditions.
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    Behavioral intentions, satisfaction and perceived quality of the spectators of the 2017 Asian Men’s U23 Volleyball Championship
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2021) Naghi-Pour Givi, Behnam; Hossein Monazzami, Amir; Mohamadi Turkmani, Ehsan; Mirfallah Nassiri, Reza
    The aim of this study was to analyze behavioral intentions, sa-tisfaction and perceived quality of the spectators of the 2017 Asian Men’s U23 Volleyball Championship. The sample was composed of 351 specta-tors of the event. The instrument used was a reliable questionnaire with five sub-questionnaires about service quality, main product quality, servi-ce satisfaction, game satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. The statisti-cal analysis was based on structural equations and it was carried out with the software WarpPLS version 6. The quality of services had a significant effect on service satisfaction (β=0.504, P<0.001). The core product quality had a significant effect on game satisfaction (β=0.658, P<0.001). Also, the game satisfaction had a significant effect on behavioral intentions (β= 0.514, P<0.001). However, the effect of service satisfaction on behavioral inten-tions was not significant. Therefore, it is recommendable that the organizers of mega sport events consider these results in order to improve the behavio-ral intentions, satisfaction and perceived quality of the spectators.
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    Building a model for measuring the level of physical and skill performance of volleyball players according to the variance level of the MCT1 gene and basic biochemical indicators
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Alawad, Basheer Shakir Hussein; Mutanish, Husam Hussein; Armoot, Alaa Kadhem; Aziz ASSafi, Asaad Adnan
    The use ofmodern technology forscientific studiesin a variety of sectors, including sports, has led tosignificant advancements and tremendous progressin this field. This has resultedin the best performance in various competitions and sports, and one of the modern technologies is the field of genetics technology. The aim of this study was to build a model for measuring the level of physical and skill performance of volleyball players according to the variance level of the MCT1 gene and basic biochemical indicators. The researchers used the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of 21 advanced volleyball players fromthe Middle Euphrates region participating in the Men's Premier League for the 2020-2021 sports season.To solve the research problem, we used the following variables: the MCT1 gene, chemical indicators of blood (LDH enzyme, the concentration of lactic acid in the blood, PH of blood), and the level ofphysical and skill performance in volleyball. The researchersused the Statistical Packagefor the Social Sciences (SPSS) for data analysis. In terms of the variance level of the MCT1 gene and various blood chemical indicators for the degree of performance of the skillful physical effort in volleyball, three prediction rates (models) were obtained. The amounts of variability of the MCT1 gene in the research sample varied between high and low levels. The researchers suggestusing the model for prediction rates to determine the performance level of volleyball players and stressing genetic study of the MCT1 gene in volleyball players to facilitate the selection of players, particularly juniors.
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    Comparative study of divided attention and reaction time among the players of Baghdad volleyball clubs
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Abdulhadi, Zaman Saleh; Saad, Ahmed Khattar; Abed, Mohammed Ibadi
    The purpose of this paper was to identify the differences in the level of divided attention and reaction time among volleyball players according to their specializations. The present study was conducted on volleyball players of Baghdad, who participated in the elite volleyball league in the 2012/2013 season. The study was completed within the time frame of March 2013 to May 2013 in the Center for Educational Studies and Psychological Research of the University of Baghdad. A total of 24 players were present in the research community. Participants were selected in a deliberate way. Most of the participants had participated at national level games. The statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on the findings of the study, the researchers concluded that a statistically non-significant difference was found in the volleyball players according to their specializations in the divided attention variable, and a statistically significant difference was found in the volleyball players according to their specializations in the reaction time variable.
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    El comportamiento visual de bloqueadoras juveniles de voleibol y su relación con la precisión de su respuesta
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2015) Sáez Gallego, Nieves María; Vila Maldonado, Sara; Abellán Hernández, Jorge; Contreras Jordán, Onofre Ricardo
    El presente estudio examina el comportamiento visual de jóvenes jugadoras de voleibol en la acción del bloqueo. El objetivo fue analizar las estrategias de búsqueda visual y las principales localizaciones de las fijaciones en el transcurso de la acción, estableciendo relaciones entre éstas y el porcentaje de aciertos. 29 jugadoras de voleibol (17,4 ± 0,9 años de edad) debían decidir la dirección de la colocación durante la visualización de secuencias de vídeo proyectadas a tamaño real. Se registraba su decisión mediante el movimiento de las jugadoras, que fue grabado por una cámara de vídeo a 25 fps y se analizó fotograma a fotograma. El comportamiento visual de las jugadoras se obtuvo mediante un sistema de seguimiento de la mirada (Mobile Eye de ASL), y se analizó en función de las dos direcciones de la colocación: zona 3 y zona 4. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre el Porcentaje de aciertos totales y las diferentes variables de comportamiento visual, y se aplicó la estadística inferencial para comprobar las diferencias en función de la zona. Las jugadoras estaban más sincronizadas con la información relativa al balón que con la contenida en la colocadora, siendo esa la fuente de información en la que principalmente basaron sus decisiones. La fijación de la zona Balón-Muñeca en los momentos cercanos al contacto puede ser la clave para lograr una correcta anticipación en esta acción, ya que permitiría extraer información del balón y del brazo de la colocadora al mismo tiempo mediante la visión periférica.
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    Construction and application effect of coach competency model in volleyball
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Wang, Danyi; Bo, Xuesong
    Constructing a competence model for volleyball coaches tailored to school characteristics has recently gained importance. This study aimed to clarify the competency model construction and its application effect. The study developed a volleyball coach competence model centered on knowledge, skills, professional roles, attitudes, and motivation. A quantitative methodology was used to assess the relationships between these dimensions and coaching performance, emphasizing teaching quality and overall effectiveness. The model drew from theoretical frameworks, including the Iceberg Model and the Onion Model. The sample consisted of 120 volleyball coaches. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among knowledge competence, skill competence, professional role, work attitude, work motivation, educational process factors, and educational target factors (pY1 < 0.05, pY2 < 0.05, and r > 0.1). The regression results indicated that gender, professional title, knowledge competence, professional competence, professional role, and work attitude positively influenced the achievement of the competency application effect (p < 0.05 and β > 0). In contrast, work motivation, age, teaching experience, education level, and salary showed no statistically significant impact (p > 0.05). Volleyball coaches' competence is essential for effective teaching and training, directly enhancing athletes' skills and performance. The model also improves coaches' quality and application ability, leading to increased athlete satisfaction and better training outcomes.
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    Design and application of a test to measure the accuracy of receiving in volleyball using the forearm pass for female students
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Fadil, Asmaa Hikmet
    The primary aim of this study was to design and apply a test to measure the accuracy of receiving in volleyball using the forearm pass for female students. In the current study, third year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Baghdad were recruited as the participants of the study in the academic year 2018/2019. A total of 73 female students were recruited. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that the accuracy of receiving in volleyball using the forearm pass for the female students analyzed was below average, as most of them showed below average performance. The researcher recommends to adopt the test prepared in this study to assess the level of accuracy of female students, in order to determine their degree of development. The researcher also recommends to pay attention to the development of accuracy among students by giving them more time to train accuracy during the volleyball lessons.
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    Development of a web-based system for storing and accessing kinesthetic motor skills data of young volleyball players
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025) Rifki, Muhamad Sazeli; Hanifah, Raudhatul; Ariston, Ariando; Alnedral; Hermanzoni; Sepdanius, Endang; Sepriadi; Sin departamento asociado
    Along with the development of the world of sport today, efforts to manage the sport of volleyball are very important to implement, both in management in society, education, and management at the local, national and international levels. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument capable of identifying players’ movements, based on dominant movements in volleyball games, using technology integrated with a system for later storage on the web. The research method had four stages, namely (1) preliminary study, (2) validation by experts, (3) acceptance test, and (4) usefulness test. Validation was carried out by volleyball experts, sports talent identification experts, and coaches, with assessment indicators including suitability, accuracy, ease, and practicality. Acceptance testing was carried out by applying the instrument to 120 young volleyball players to collect categorization data. The results showed that the instrument was effective and feasible to use in identifying the kinesthetic movements of young volleyball players, and providing recommendations for players with good kinesthetic movement abilities. This instrument is expected to help sports teachers and volleyball coaches in identifying players’ movements more easily.
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    Efecto de un programa de entrenamientode Playstation VR de inmersión total en el desarrollo de las habilidades perceptivas de los niños en el voleibol
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2024) Amprasi, Evaggelia; Vernadakis, N.; Zetou, Eleni; Antoniou, Panagiotis
    Este estudio examinó el efecto de dos intervenciones educativas, un programa basado en juegos de realidad virtual totalmente inmersivos (FIVE) y un programa de entrenamiento típico (TT), en Percepción de profundidad (DP) y Tiempo de reacción de anticipación (ART) de cuarenta y ocho jugadoras de voleibol de 8 a 10 años. El grupo FIVE asistió a un programa inmersivo completo en Playstation4VR y el grupo TT a un entrenamiento típico en la cancha, basado en mejorar DP y ART durante 6 semanas, dos veces por semana durante 24 min cada vez. El grupo de control no recibió ningún programa estructurado de formación en PD y ART. Antes, después y un mes después de las intervenciones, se calculó la DP utilizando el Probador de Percepción de Profundidad Eléctrica y el ART utilizando el Temporizador de Anticipación de Bassin. Se realizaron análisis de varianza bidireccionales con medidas repetidas, para determinar el efecto de los grupos de programas de entrenamiento y las mediciones en los dos movimientos en el rendimiento de DP y las dos velocidades (5 mph y 10 mph) en el rendimiento de ART. Las puntuaciones de las pruebas posteriores y de retención DP en ambos movimientos fueron notablemente mayores que las de las pruebas previas para ambos grupos experimentales, pero no para el grupo de control. Además, en las puntuaciones de ART, sólo en 10 mph, las puntuaciones de las pruebas posteriores y de retención fueron notablemente mayores que las puntuaciones previas a la prueba para ambos grupos experimentales y no para el grupo de control. En conclusión, los exergames VR y un entrenamiento típico son herramientas efectivas para mejorar el DP y ART en jugadores de voleibol de 8 a 10 años de edad.
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    Effect of a rehabilitation skill program using resistance bands on biokinetic variables in volleyball players with disabilities
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Salam Ibrahim, Reem
    To achieve high level of performance in sports games and events, all aspects, including the motor, tactical, psychological and skill performance of the players must be integrated and improved. Rubber bands play an important role in player rehabilitation to speed up muscle recovery in a good way. The aim of the study was to prepare a rehabilitation skill program using rubber bands to develop the preparation skills and biokinetic variables for volleyball players with disabilities in wheelchairs. The experimental method was used in one of its basic designs which is the design of the two equivalent groups, this due to the suitability of this design to the nature of the research problem. The research sample was chosen by a comprehensive inventory method and consisted of 18 disabled volleyball players of Babylon governorate for the 2021 season. The sample was divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 9 players for each group. A rehabilitative skill program was prepared using rubber bands on the experimental group for a period of eight weeks, with three training units per week. Data were analyzed based on arithmetic means, standard deviations and t-test. As a result, statistically significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group and the control group for all study variables, in favor of the post-test for both groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the rehabiliation skill program using rubber bands has a positive effect on the development of the preparation skills and biokinetic variables for volleyball players with disabilities in wheelchairs.
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    Effect of repeated use of social media before training sessions on countermovement jumping and internal training load in high-level volleyball players
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2024) Freitas Junior, Carlos; Berriel, Guilherme; Faro, Heloiana; Peyré Tartaruga, Leonardo; Fortes, Leonardo
    To verify the effect of repeated use of social media on smartphones immediately before countermovement jump (CMJ) and internal training load (ITL) training sessions in young male high-level volleyball athletes. 18 young international-level athletes participated in a randomized crossover study for a total of two weeks. The athletes are from the Brazilian under-19 team and were randomized into two experimental conditions, social media (SMA) and control (CON). SMA used social media for 30 minutes before training sessions for a week, while CON watched emotionally neutral videos. During this period, the ITL was analyzed using the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) method. The CMJ was analyzed before, between, and after the two-week training. In the second week, the athletes reversed the experimental conditions. The CMJ was decreased after the training week (p =0.04), but with no difference between the experimental conditions (p = 0.51). The ITL was not different between the experimental conditions after the analyzed training week (p = 0.95). Repeated use of social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions for a week was not enough to harm the CMJ, nor did it increase the ITL in young international-level volleyball athletes.
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    The effect of self-regulated feedback on acquisition and learning the overhand service skill of novice female athletes in volleyball
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2018) Zetou, Eleni; Vernadakis, N.; Mountaki, F.; Karypidou, D.
    Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of self- regulated feedback on the acquisition and learning of the volleyball over- hand service skill in novice female players 10-11 years old. Twenty-eight (28) novice female athletes aged 10-11 years old and with a 2- year training experience participated in this study. The female athletes were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental (n=14) and the control group (n=14). The athletes of both groups followed a five week training program with two units per week, which included drills for the learning of the servi- ce skill. The athletes of the experimental group were able to ask for feedback whenever they wished, while the athletes of the control group followed the program for learning the skill, taking feedback (knowledge of performan- ce), whenever it was considered necessary by the coach. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in learning the skill. Specifically, the experimental group was better at all the elements of the service skill, except for the throw of the ball, which apparently is due to lack of coordination of athletes at this age. It is suggested that coaches can use the self-regulated feedback, for better performance and learning and to develop athletes’ internal cognitive processes.
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    Effects of a training method on 13-14-year-old female volleyball players in Tirana, Albania
    (Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2025) Lleshi, Enkeleida; Martiri, Altin; Mema, Blerina; Sin departamento asociado
    The aim of this study was to improve skill indicators in female volleyball players of Tirana in Albania, with a real-time training model of 15 min. A total of 30 female volleyball players, aged 13-14 years (13.0±0.6 years), was divided into two teams: the experimental team (N = 15) and the control team (N = 15). The study was conducted from September to December 2023. During this period of time, the experimental team underwent a 15-minute training intervention, 3 times a week, while the control team followed the coach’s standard training program. Participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements, including body height, body weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjects were also tested on Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), 20-cm Drop Jump (DJ), Agility Test, Lateral Change of Direction, T-Test, Shuttle Run Test (10 x 5 m) and Hexagonal Test. The tests were conducted before and after the implementation of the intervention training program. The linear effect of the intervention was statistically significant [F (1,22) = 53.797, p<0.001)], indicating that there is a significant difference across levels of intervention. The findings from this study suggest that the applied methodology is effective in comparing performances, enabling trainers to design real-time training programs for developing specific physical components based on existing conditions.
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    Percepción informada de entrenadores y entrenadoras de voleibol sobre la salud mental en el deporte: un análisis cualitativo
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2025) Díaz Ceballos, Isabel; Arbinaga Ibarzábal, Félix; Díaz Rodríguez, Joaquín; Gutiérrez Fernández, José Nicasio; Departamentos
    El papel del entrenador y la entrenadora es fundamental en el éxito de un atleta o equipo deportivo. Su labor es reconocida por todos en el ámbito deportivo, siendo responsables del rendimiento y manejo de factores psicológicos que influyen en los resultados. En ausencia de un psicólogo del deporte en el equipo, esta responsabilidad recae completamente en el entrenador y la entrenadora. Aunque, hay estudios sobre la salud mental de los y las deportistas, pocos se enfocan en los entrenadores y entrenadoras.Este trabajo analiza la experiencia personal de entrenadores y entrenadoras de voleibol respecto a la salud mental y el deporte.Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal con metodología cualitativa de recogida y análisis de datos. Se analizan 159 respuestas de 114 entrenadores (71.6% de la muestra) y 45 entrenadoras (28.3%), sobre su opinión y experiencias en salud mental y deporte. Resultados: Las respuestas se agruparon en categorías mediante triangulación de datos. Los entrenadores y las entrenadoras destacan la necesidad de una buena salud mental para desempeñar su trabajo y han observado problemas mentales tanto en ellos como en los y las deportistas, algunos habiendo solicitado ayuda psicológica. Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen la falta de apoyo social, exigencias, presiones externas, baja remuneración, dificultad en la gestión del grupo, falta de reconocimiento y formación.Conclusiones: Es fundamental sensibilizar a los entrenadores y las entrenadoras, entidades deportivas y población en general sobre la necesidad de practicar un deporte saludable para cuidar y mejorar la salud mental de los y las deportistas y entrenadores y entrenadoras.
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    Propuesta de un programa de prevención de lesiones en voleibol femenino infantil y cadete
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2019) Del Castillo Andrés, Óscar; Toronjo Hornillo, Luis; Moya Martínez, Inés; Campos Mesa, María del Carmen
    El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la respuesta motriz de dos grupos de jugadoras de voleibol de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, ante una caída no intencionada de espalda y determinar qué efectos de protec-ción se observan en la caída tras la participación en el programa sobre for-mas seguras y protegidas de caer Safe Fall-Safe Schools©. Aplicamos una investigación cuasi-experimental, a 27 jugadoras, de edades entre los 13 y los 16 años, que practican como actividad extraescolar volei-bol en el I.E.S. Ramón y Cajal de Tocina, Sevilla, España. Los datos se reco-gieron antes y después de la intervención mediante la escala de observación ad hoc INFOSECA. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Se consideró la significatividad estadística en p < 0.05 (prueba de McNemar).Los resultados señalan que es posible asimilar con éxito los movimientos asociados a una caída hacia atrás para aumentar la protección y seguridad de las menores deportistas.
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    Rol de juego y características del saque en voleibol infantil femenino
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2015) Fernández-Echeverría, C.; Claver, F.; Gil, A.; Del Villar Álvarez, Fernando; Moreno, M.P.
    El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar las características del saque en función del rol de juego en voleibol infantil femenino. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1229 acciones de saque, correspondientes a la observación de los 18 equipos participantes en el Campeonato España de Selecciones autonómicas en categoría infantil femenino. Las variables de estudio fueron: rol de juego, zona de origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo, efcacia del saque, zona de recepción y función del receptor. Los resultados determinaron una asociación signifcativa del rol de juego con el origen de saque, el tipo de saque, la técnica de golpeo y la efcacia de saque. Sin embargo, no aparecen asociaciones de ningún rol de juego con variables que muestren la intención de dirigir el saque hacia jugadoras concretas, evitando al libero, o dirigir el saque a zonas determinadas del campo contrario.
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    Strategies for the development of international sport diplomacy in the volleyball federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Fallah Nassiri, Reza Mir; Monazami, Amir Hosein; Aghaei, Najaf; Rahimizadeh, Meysam
    In recent years, Iran's volleyball sport has made significant progress and the Iranian national team has been able to compete in the World Volleyball League.This situation has provided the Iranian Volleyball Federation with diplomatic opportunities.The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for the development of international sport diplomacy in the volleyball federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.This study was conducted qualitatively by interviewing Iranian volleyball officials (N = 4), academic experts in sport diplomacy (N = 4) and internationally experienced coaches and referees (N = 5).Data analysiswith theme analysis techniques revealed that the five emerging themes included: challenges, principles of effective international sport diplomacy, international sport diplomacy success factors, international diplomacy development strategies in volleyball federation, and the implications of international sport diplomacy, including 18 sub-themes and 43 open codes.All these aspects are analyzed and discussed in the present study.