Browsing by Subject "Vaccine"
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- PublicationRestrictedCharacterization of a murine model of intranasal infection suitable for testing vaccines against C. abortus(Elsevier, 2007-01-15) Nicolás, L.; Gallego, M. C.; Sánchez, J.; Caro, M. R.; Salinas, J.; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasMouse models have been widely used to test candidate vaccines against Chlamydophila abortus infection in mice. Although the induction of a systemic infection by endogenous or intraperitoneal inoculation is a useful tool for understanding the immune mechanism involved in the protection conferred by the vaccination, a different approach is necessary to understand other factors of the infection, such as mucosal immunity or the colonization of target organs. To test whether C. abortus intranasal model of infection in mice is a useful tool for testing vaccines in a first group of experiments mice, were infected intranasally with C. abortus to characterize the model of infection. When this model was used to test vaccines, two inactivated experimental vaccines, one of them adjuvated with QS-21 and another with aluminium hydroxide, and a live attenuated vaccine (strain 1B) were used. Non-vaccinated control mice died within the first 8 days, after displaying substantial loss of weight. Histologically, the mice showed lobar fibrinopurulent bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Prior immunization with QS-21 adjuvated vaccine or 1B vaccine presented mortality and the recipients showed a greater number of T cells in the lesions, especially CD8+ T cells, than the control mice and mice immunized with vaccine adjuvated with aluminium hydroxide. The results confirm that the C. abortus intranasal model of infection in mice is a useful tool for testing vaccines
- PublicationOpen AccessEvaluation of the efficacy of a new commercially available inactivated vaccine against ovine enzootic abortion(Frontiers Media, 2020-09-04) Montbrau, Carlos; Fontseca, Mireia; March, Ricard; Sitja, Marta; Benavides, Julio; Caro, María Rosa; Salinas Lorente, Jesús; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Sanidad AnimalOvine enzootic abortion (OEA), caused by Chlamydia abortus, is an economically important disease inmany countries. Inactivated vaccines have been used formany years as they induce immunity in sheep, although outbreaks of abortions have been described in vaccinated flocks. In addition, there is a commercially available live attenuated vaccine that provides good protective results. Recently however, reports question the attenuation of this vaccine and associate it with the appearance of outbreaks of OEA in vaccinated flocks. In the present study, a recently commercialized inactivated vaccine (INMEVA®; Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer, Spain) has been evaluated using mouse and sheep experimental models. In the mouse models (non-pregnant and pregnant models), the efficacy of INMEVA vaccine has been compared to an unvaccinated control group and to an experimental inactivated vaccine considered as a positive protection control (UMU vaccine). In the non- pregnant model, the UMU vaccine was more effective than the INMEVA vaccine regarding the impact on body weight or the presence of C. abortus in the liver, but both vaccinated groups (UMU and INMEVA) had significantly lower C. abortus in the liver compared to the control group. In the pregnant model in terms of reproductive failures, pups per mouse or the presence of C. abortus in the liver or uterus, no significant differences were found between both vaccines, inducing protection compared to the control group. In the ovine pregnant model, where INMEVA vaccine was compared only to an unvaccinated group, the results indicate that this new commercial vaccine is safe and provides a suitable level of protection against an experimental challenge with C. abortus. A 75% reduction in reproductive disorders, 55% reduction in animals with C. abortus shedding on day of parturition/abortion, and a significant reduction of the average amount of chlamydial shedding from parturition/abortion over the next 21 days was observed, in relation to the infected control group. The results suggest that this vaccine is adequate for the control and prevention of OEA; however, future studies are necessary to elucidate the type of protective immune response that it induces.
- PublicationOpen AccessIL-10 Overexpression Reduces the Protective Response of an Experimental Chlamydia abortus Vaccine in a Murine Model(MDPI, 2024-08-12) Del Río, Laura; Salinas, Jesús; Caro, María Rosa; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Sanidad Animal; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasIn ovine populations, the enzootic nature of Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is attributed to its capacity to establish persistent intracellular infections, which necessitate a cellular immune response mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for effective resolution. In both natural hosts and murine models, interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been demonstrated to modulate the cellular immune response crucial for the eradication of C. abortus. During gestation, it has also been shown to play a role in preventing inflammatory damage to gestational tissues and foetal loss through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This paradigm can be key for events leading to a protective response towards an infectious abortion. Previous research successfully established a mouse model of chronic C. abortus infection using transgenic mice overexpressing IL-10 (IL-10tg), simulating the dynamics of chronic infection observed in non-pregnant natural host. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental inactivated vaccine against C. abortus and to elucidate the immune mechanisms involved in protection during chronic infection using this model. Transgenic and wild-type (WT) control mice were immunized and subsequently challenged with C. abortus. Vaccine effectiveness and immune response were assessed via immunohistochemistry and cytokine serum levels over a 28-day period. Morbidity, measured by daily weight loss, was more pronounced in non-vaccinated transgenic IL-10 mice, though no mortality was observed in any group. Vaccinated control mice eliminated the bacterial infection by day 9 post-infection (p.i.), whereas presence of bacteria was noted in vaccinated transgenic IL-10 mice until day 28 p.i. Vaccination induced an early post-infection increase in IFN-γ production, but did not alter IL-10 production in transgenic mice. Histological analysis indicated suboptimal recruitment of inflammatory cells in vaccinated transgenic IL-10 mice compared to WT controls. In summary, the findings suggest that IL-10 overexpression in transgenic mice diminishes the protective efficacy of vaccination, confirming that this model can be useful for validating the efficacy of vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as C. abortus that require robust cell-mediated immunity.
- PublicationOpen AccessMedium- and long-term Immune responses in the small intestine in piglets from oral vaccination against Escherichia coli(MDPI, 2024-09-26) Miralles, Aida; Ramis, Guillermo; Pallarés, Francisco J.; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasPost-weaning stress, together with Escherichia coli, are two of the key factors in the occurrence of post-weaning diarrhea. There are different commercial vaccines that induce immunity at the local or systemic level, improving farm health and avoiding economic losses in the pork industry. That is why the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an oral enterotoxigenic E. coli F4/F18 vaccine on immunity and intestinal integrity in the middle and long term after inoculation. The gene expression of the biomarkers indicative of cellular infiltration (calprotectin, CAL), tight junction proteins (occludin, OCL; zonulin, ZON; and claudin, CLA) and a panel of proinflammatory (interleukins, IL: IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL12p35 and IL12p40; interferons, IFN: IFNα and IFNγ; and tumoral necrosis factor, TNF: TNFα) and anti-inflammatory mediator cytokines (TGFβ and IL10) were analyzed, as well as histomorphology in jejunum and ileum, the cell density of goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and IgA-producing cells. Differences were observed in ZON, CLA and CAL, with greater gene expression in observed in vaccinated piglets at 42 days post vaccination (dpv) in the ileum. Regarding the expression of cytokines, the vaccinated animals showed significant differences in IL1α, IL6, IL12p35, IL12p40, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα and TGFβ at 42 dpv in the jejunum or ileum. The villi showed greater height in the vaccinated piglets and the ratio between villus height and crypt depth was significantly greater in the vaccinated group in the jejunum at 84 dpv. The count of IgA-producing cells shows higher values for the unvaccinated group in the ileum, while intraepithelial lymphocytes show a significant increase in both jejunum and ileum in vaccinated piglets. We can conclude that oral vaccination against E. coli produces an evident effect, which manifests itself even in the middle and long term after the challenge, including immune response, decrease in antimicrobials usage, better histological structure in intestine and the improvement of performance.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl método Ferrán y la inmunización contra el cólera en una ciudad del Mediterráneo: Elche, agosto de 1891(Universidad de Alicante, 2020-04-24) Monge Juárez, Mariano; Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de AméricaEl cólera fue una enfermedad epidémica que afectó a toda Europa con gran virulencia en las áreas urbanas e industrializadas. Hasta la aparición de la vacuna de Jaime Ferrán, la lucha contra el cólera se limitaba a las medidas higiénicas y de aislamiento. Durante 1884-85, Elche, una ciudad de unos 20.000 habitantes, había sufrido dos epidemias que habían diezmado la población y el incipiente desarrollo industrial. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el modelo de actuación que experimentó el municipio poco después, en 1891. A pesar de que la vacunación en Alzira o Valencia en 1885 había desatado todo un movimiento de carácter científico y social contra la inmunización, en plena controversia sobre la cuestión Ferrán, los facultativos locales, Manuel Campello y Santiago Pomares, decidieron poner en marcha una vacunación masiva y obligatoria para toda la población de la ciudad, prestando especial atención a las clases pobres.
- PublicationOpen AccessOral and Parenteral Vaccination against Escherichia coli in Piglets Results in Different Responses(MDPI, 2022-10-22) Ramis Vidal, Manuel Guillermo; Pérez-Esteruelas, Lorena; Gómez-Cabrera, Carolina G.; De Pascual-Monreal, Clara; Gonzalez-Guijarro, Belén; Párraga Ros, Ester; Sánchez-Uribe, Pedro; Claver-Mateos, Miguel; Mendonça-Pascoal, Livia; Martínez-Alarcón, Laura; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadaThe available E. coli vaccines involve two main types (inactivated and live non-pathogenic) and two routes of administration (oral and parenteral) but the mechanism by which both vaccines and routes of administration work is not yet fully elucidated. The influence of a parenteral vaccine (PV) and an oral one (OV) was studied by analyzing the gene expression of biomarkers indicating cellular infiltration (calprotectin, CAL), tight junction proteins (occludin OCL, and zonulin ZON) that maintain intestinal paracellular integration and two proinflammatory (IFN- ) and anti-inflammatory (TGF- ) mediator cytokines, as well as histomorphology and IgA production cell density. Differences were observed in CAL, more infiltrated in orally vaccinated animals; OCL also increased in orally vaccinated animals, and higher density of IgA-producing cells in ileum for orally vaccinated groups. Cytokine expression is also different; and there is a lower mRNA for IFN- in the parenteral than in the oral vaccinated animals. Finally, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the orally vaccinated groups. The data collectively show clear and different effects derived from the use of each type of vaccine, route of administration and regimen. The results suggest a more rapid and direct effect of oral vaccination and a state of suppression in the absence of a second oral stimulus by the pathogen.
- PublicationRestrictedRole of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and NK cells in the protection conferred by different vaccines against Chlamydophila abortus infection(Elsevier, 2007-06) Ortega, M.; Caro, M. R.; Gallego, M. C.; Río, L. del; Nicolás, L.; Cuello, F.; Salinas, J.; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasOvine enzootic abortion (OEA) is caused by Chlamydophila abortus, an intracellular bacterium which acts by infecting the placenta, causing abortion in the last term of gestation. The main prevention strategy against OEA is the vaccination of flocks. An effective vaccine against C. abortus must induce a Th1-like specific immune response, which is characterized by the early production of IFN-γ and the activation of CD8+T cells. Moreover, vaccine effectiveness could be modulated by the functioning of the innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and NK cells might influence vaccine-induced protection. The live attenuated 1B vaccine and two inactivated experimental vaccines, adjuvated with aluminium hydroxide (AH) or QS-21 (QS), were used in PMN-depleted or NK cell-depleted mice. For PMN depletion, RB6-8C5 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes GR1+receptors (Robben, P.M., LaRegina, M., Kuziel, W.A., Sibley, L.D. 2005. Recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes is essential for control of acute toxoplasmosis. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, 1761–1769.) was used, while for NK cell-depletion the anti-asialo GM1 polyclonal antibody was used. The depletion of PMNs caused 100% mortality in non-vaccinated mice (NV) and 60% mortality in the AH-vaccinated mice by day 10 p.i., while both groups showed a significant increase in their bacterial burden in the liver by day 4 p.i. The depletion of NK cells caused mortality only in the NV group (50% by day 10 p.i.), although this group and the 1B vaccinated mice showed an increased bacterial burden in the liver at day 4 p.i. Our results suggest that the importance of PMNs in inactivated vaccines depends on the adjuvant chosen. The results also demonstrated that the importance of NK cells is greater in live vaccines than in inactivated vaccines.
- PublicationOpen AccessTrained immunity induction by the inactivated mucosal vaccine MV130 protects against experimental viral respiratory infections(Cell Press, 2022-01-04) Brandi, Paola; Conejero, Laura; Cueto, Francisco J.; Martínez Cano, Sarai; Dunphy, Gillian; Gómez, Manuel J.; Relaño, Carlos; Saz Leal, Paula; Enamorado, Michel; Quintas, Ana; Dopazo, Ana; Amores Iniesta, Joaquín; Fresno, Carlos del; Nistal Villán, Estanislao; Ardavín, Carlos; Nieto, Antonio; Casanovas, Miguel; Subiza, José Luis; Sancho, David; Sanidad AnimalMV130 is an inactivated polybacterial mucosal vaccine that confers protection to patients against recurrent respiratory infections, including those of viral etiology. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly un-derstood. Here, we find that intranasal prophylaxis with MV130 modulates the lung immune landscape and provides long-term heterologous protection against viral respiratory infections in mice. Intranasal adminis-tration of MV130 provides protection against systemic candidiasis in wild-type and Rag1-deficient mice lacking functional lymphocytes, indicative of innate immune-mediated protection. Moreover, pharmacolog-ical inhibition of trained immunity with metformin abrogates the protection conferred by MV130 against influ-enza A virus respiratory infection. MV130 induces reprogramming of both mouse bone marrow progenitor cells and in vitro human monocytes, promoting an enhanced cytokine production that relies on a metabolic shift. Our results unveil that the mucosal administration of a fully inactivated bacterial vaccine provides pro-tection against viral infections by a mechanism associated with the induction of trained immunity.
- PublicationOpen AccessValidación del instrumento: conocimientos, creencias y aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Martínez Figueroa, Gabriela Iveth; Nava Navarro, Vianet; Báez Hernández, Francisco Javier; Mayo Abarca, Jorge Alberto; Zenteno López, Miguel ÁngelIntroducción: El virus del papiloma humano es la primera causa de cáncer cervicouterino, contar con un instrumento que mida la aceptación de la vacuna del VPH, así como los factores que intervienen, es una necesidad para la prevención del VPH. El objetivo fue realizar la validación del instrumento conocimientos, creencias y aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano.Materiales y Métodos: El proceso de validación se realizó a traves de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y de proceso de dos fases. La población fue de 393 madres de niñas de 9 a 11 años, pertenecientes al Estado de Puebla, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, la muestra se consideró por razón de 10:1. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento válido y confiable con un coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach de .70, un valor de p<.000 para la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett y la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer Olkin obtuvo un resultado de .82, en este sentido el análisis factorial dio como resultado un total de 40 ítems divididos en seis dimensiones. Discusión: El proceso metodológico permitió contar con un indicador empírico adaptado y valido al contexto mexicano, debido a que es el único dentro del contexto que mide los factores relacionados con la aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano. Conclusión: Se concluye que tener un indicador empírico adaptado al idioma español, que mida la aceptación y los factores relacionados, es un aporte de gran importancia para la sociedad y un avance para la ciencia en enfermería.