Browsing by Subject "Traffic"

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    Air pollution from traffic during pregnancy impairs newborn's cord blood immune cells: The NELA cohort
    (ELSEVIER, 2021) García-Serna, Azahara M; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro; Pérez-Fernández, Virginia; Cantero-Cano, Esther; Muñoz-García, María; Ballesteros-Meseguer, Carmen; Pérez de Los Cobos, Irene; García-Marcos, Luis; Morales, Eva; NELA Study group; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Background: Hazards of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the developing immune system are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to TRAP on cord blood immune cell distributions; and to identify gestational windows of susceptibility. Methods: In-depth immunophenotyping of cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets was performed by flow cytometry in 190 newborns embedded in the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort (2015-2018). Long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15-days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and ozone (O3) were estimated using dispersion/chemical transport modelling. Associations between TRAP concentrations and cord blood immune cell counts were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression models. Results: Mean number of natural killer (NK) cells decreased 15% in relation to higher NO2 concentrations (≥36.4 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy (incidence relative risk (IRR), 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72, 0.99), with stronger associations in the first trimester. Higher PM2.5 concentrations (≥13.3 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy associated with a reduced mean number of cytotoxic T cells (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78, 0.99). Newborns exposed to higher PM10 (≥23.6 μg/m3) and PM2.5 concentrations during the first and third trimester showed greater mean number of helper T type 1 (Th1) cells (P < 0.05). Decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells was associated with greater short-term NO2 (IRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80, 1.01) and PM10 (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77, 0.99) concentrations. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to TRAP, particularly in early and late gestation, impairs fetal immune system development through disturbances in cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte distributions.
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    Air pollution from traffic during pregnancy impairs newborn's cord blood immune cells: The NELA cohort
    (2020-11-17) García-Serna, Azahara M; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro; Pérez-Fernández, Virginia; Cantero-Cano, Esther; Muñoz-García, María; Ballesteros-Meseguer, Carmen; Pérez de los Cobos, Irene; García-Marcos, Luis; Morales, Eva; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Background: Hazards of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the developing immune system are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to TRAP on cord blood immune cell distributions; and to identify gestational windows of susceptibility. Methods: In-depth immunophenotyping of cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets was performed by flow cytometry in 190 newborns embedded in the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort (2015-2018). Long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15-days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and ozone (O3) were estimated using dispersion/chemical transport modelling. Associations between TRAP concentrations and cord blood immune cell counts were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression models. Results: Mean number of natural killer (NK) cells decreased 15% in relation to higher NO2 concentrations (≥36.4 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy (incidence relative risk (IRR), 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72, 0.99), with stronger associations in the first trimester. Higher PM2.5 concentrations (≥13.3 μg/m3) during whole pregnancy associated with a reduced mean number of cytotoxic T cells (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78, 0.99). Newborns exposed to higher PM10 (≥23.6 μg/m3) and PM2.5 concentrations during the first and third trimester showed greater mean number of helper T type 1 (Th1) cells (P < 0.05). Decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells was associated with greater short-term NO2 (IRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80, 1.01) and PM10 (IRR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77, 0.99) concentrations. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to TRAP, particularly in early and late gestation, impairs fetal immune system development through disturbances in cord blood leukocyte and lymphocyte distributions.
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    Cytokine profiles in cord blood in relation to prenatal traffic-related air pollution: The NELA cohort
    (2022-02-18) García-Serna, Azahara M; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro; Pérez-Fernández, Virginia; Cantero-Cano, Esther; Muñoz-García, María; Molina-Ruano, María Dolores; Rojo-Atenza, Encarna; García-Marcos, Luis; Morales, Eva; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Background: Outdoor air pollution may disturb immune system development. We investigated whether gestational exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) is associated with unstimulated cytokine profiles in newborns. Methods: Data come from 235 newborns of the NELA cohort. Innate response-related cytokines (IL-6, IFN-α, IL1-β, and TNF-α), Th1-related (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2-related (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), Th17-related (IL-17 and IL-23), and immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 were quantified in the supernatant of unstimulated whole umbilical cord blood cells after 7 days of culture using the Luminex technology. Dispersion/chemical transport modeling was used to estimate long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15 days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), and ozone (O3 ). We fitted multivariable logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. Results: NO2 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detection of IL-1β (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.85) and IL-6 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.32; 95% CI 1.00, 1.75). Increased odds of detected concentrations of IL-10 was found in newborns exposed during whole pregnancy to higher levels of NO2 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.30; 95% CI 0.99, 1.69), PM10 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.49; 95% CI 0.95, 2.33), and PM2.5 (OR per 5 µg/m3 increase = 1.56; 95% CI 0.97, 2.51). Exposure to O3 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detected IL-13 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.22; 95% CI 1.01, 1.49). WQS model revealed first and third trimesters of gestation as windows of higher susceptibility. Conclusions: Gestational exposure to TRAP may increase detection of pro-inflammatory, Th2-related, and T regulatory cytokines in newborns. These changes might influence immune system responses later in life.
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    Cytokine profiles in cord blood in relation to prenatal traffic-related air pollution: The NELA cohort
    (Wiley, 2022-02) García-Serna, Azahara M.; Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro; Pérez-Fernández, Virginia; Cantero-Cano, Esther; Muñoz-García, María; Molina-Ruano, María Dolores; Rojo-Atenza, Encarna; García-Marcos, Luis; Morales, Eva; Hernández Caselles, Trinidad; Martín-Orozco Santiago, María Elena; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Background: Outdoor air pollution may disturb immune system development. We investigated whether gestational exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) is associated with unstimulated cytokine profiles in newborns. Methods: Data come from 235 newborns of the NELA cohort. Innate response-related cytokines (IL-6, IFN-α, IL1-β, and TNF-α), Th1-related (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2-related (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), Th17-related (IL-17 and IL-23), and immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10 were quantified in the supernatant of unstimulated whole umbilical cord blood cells after 7 days of culture using the Luminex technology. Dispersion/chemical transport modeling was used to estimate long-term (whole pregnancy and trimesters) and short-term (15 days before delivery) residential exposures to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), and ozone (O3 ). We fitted multivariable logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. Results: NO2 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detection of IL-1β (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.85) and IL-6 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.32; 95% CI 1.00, 1.75). Increased odds of detected concentrations of IL-10 was found in newborns exposed during whole pregnancy to higher levels of NO2 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.30; 95% CI 0.99, 1.69), PM10 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.49; 95% CI 0.95, 2.33), and PM2.5 (OR per 5 µg/m3 increase = 1.56; 95% CI 0.97, 2.51). Exposure to O3 during the whole pregnancy increased the odds of detected IL-13 (OR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.22; 95% CI 1.01, 1.49). WQS model revealed first and third trimesters of gestation as windows of higher susceptibility. Conclusions: Gestational exposure to TRAP may increase detection of pro-inflammatory, Th2-related, and T regulatory cytokines in newborns. These changes might influence immune system responses later in life.