Browsing by Subject "Tissue regeneration"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Microenvironmental factors that regulate mesenchymal stem cells: lessons learned from the study of heterotopic ossification
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Kan, Chen; Chen, Lijun; Hu, Yangyang; Lu, Haimei; Li, Yuyun; Kessler, John A; Kan, Lixin
    Bone marrow contains a non-hematopoietic, clonogenic, multipotent population of stromal cells that are later called mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Similar cells that share many common features with MSC are also found in other organs, which are thought to contribute both to normal tissue regeneration and to pathological processes such as heterotopic ossification (HO), the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue. Understanding the microenvironmental factors that regulate MSC in vivo is essential both for understanding the biology of the stem cells and for effective translational applications of MSC. Unfortunately, this important aspect has been largely underappreciated. This review tries to raise the attention and highlight this critical issue by updating the relevant literature along with discussions of the key issues in the area.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    The effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Harrell, Carl Randall; Djonov, Valentin; Volarevic, Vladislav
    Due to their immunoregulatory properties and capacity for multi-lineage differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used as new therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. Numerous lifestyle habits and behavioral risk factors may modulate metabolic and cell growth signaling pathways in MSCs, affecting their phenotype and function. Accordingly, identification of these factors and minimization of their influence on viability and function of transplanted MSCs may greatly contribute to their better therapeutic efficacy. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on proliferation, homing, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Cigarette smoke down-regulates expression of chemokine receptors and modulates activity of antioxidative enzymes in MSCs, while nicotine impairs synthesis of transcriptional factors that regulate the cell cycle, metabolism, migration, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cigarette smoke and nicotine-dependent modulation of MSCs' therapeutic potential.